Economic theory of the ancient States: Weber's view of the question of capitalism in Antiquity

O artigo discute o problema do capitalismo na Antiguidade, tal como Max Weber o formulou. Trata, portanto, de reconstruir o entendimento de Weber desse fenômeno, ou seja, das formas de organização econômica na Antiguidade. A análise do texto de Weber de 1908, "Agrarverhältnissen im Altertum" [Relações agrárias na Antiguidade], oferece a base de toda a discussão; mas também são abordados o contexto intelectual da problematização de Weber, como a polêmica Meyer-Bücher acerca dos fundamentos da economia antiga, assim como aspectos específicos do capitalismo antigo, no entender de Weber, em que a relação com a dimensão política ocupa papel de destaque.The article discusses the problem of capitalism in Antiquity, as formulated by Max Weber. It seeks to reconstruct Weber's understanding of the phenomenon, that is, the forms of economic organization in Antiquity. An analysis of Weber's 1908 text "Agrarverhältnissen im Altertum" [Agrarian relations in Antiquity] provides the basis for the discussion as a whole. However the article also examines the intellectual context of Weber's problematization, such as the Meyer-Bücher polemic concerning the fundamental aspects of the ancient economy, as well as specific aspects of ancient capitalism, as Weber understood them, where the relation with the political dimension assumes a prominent role

Grußwort

Die seit einem halben Jahrhundert bestehende Partnerschaft zwischen den Universitäten Hamburg und Bordeaux hat ihre praktische Umsetzung in vielerlei Formen gefunden. Vor allem zwei Gründe gaben den Ausschlag, dass jetzt zum ersten Mal in der langen Partnerschaftsgeschichte ein Jubiläum feierlich begangen wurde. Der eine davon war das Erscheinen eines umfangreichen, in enger Hamburg-Bordelaiser Historiker-Kooperation entstandenen Jubiläumsbandes. Den anderen Anlass bot die Verleihung der Würde eines Ehrendoktors der Universität Hamburg durch das Department Sprache, Literatur, Medien (SLM) II an den Bordelaiser Germanisten Jean Mondot für seine der europäischen Aufklärung insbesondere in Deutschland geltenden, Maßstäbe setzenden Forschungen.The partnership between the Universities of Hamburg and Bordeaux, which has existed for half a century, has been put into practice in many forms. There were two main reasons for the fact that this is the first time in the long history of partnership that an anniversary has been celebrated. One of these was the publication of an extensive anniversary volume, which was produced in close cooperation with the Hamburg-Bordelais historians. The other occasion was the conferral of an honorary doctorate from the University of Hamburg by the Department of Language, Literature and Media (SLM) II to the Bordelaiser German scholar Jean Mondot for his research on European Enlightenment, which set new standards, particularly in Germany

Neue Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Welt : : Hamburger Kolloquium zu Ehren von Christian Habicht

Neue Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Welt :Hamburger Kolloquium zu Ehren von Christian Habich

SESAM - simulating software projects

Teaching software engineering as well as researching in this area is very tedious due to the length and costliness of software projects. SESAM (Software Engineering Simulation by Animated Models') therefore is designed as a simulator for software projects, allowing students to gain reality-like experiences in project management and researchers to evaluate hypotheses on the mechanisms influencing software projects. This paper focuses on the basic assumptions for SESAM, its building blocks and the way hypotheses are affecting the simulation. After a short description of the requirements for SESAM, the authors introduce objects, attributes, actions, relationships between objects, and hypotheses as its basic concepts. They present attributed graph grammars as a means for representing hypotheses. Finally they position their project with respect to related work, and they show its present a state and future development

Abbildungen

Die seit einem halben Jahrhundert bestehende Partnerschaft zwischen den Universitäten Hamburg und Bordeaux hat ihre praktische Umsetzung in vielerlei Formen gefunden. Vor allem zwei Gründe gaben den Ausschlag, dass jetzt zum ersten Mal in der langen Partnerschaftsgeschichte ein Jubiläum feierlich begangen wurde. Der eine davon war das Erscheinen eines umfangreichen, in enger Hamburg-Bordelaiser Historiker-Kooperation entstandenen Jubiläumsbandes. Den anderen Anlass bot die Verleihung der Würde eines Ehrendoktors der Universität Hamburg durch das Department Sprache, Literatur, Medien (SLM) II an den Bordelaiser Germanisten Jean Mondot für seine der europäischen Aufklärung insbesondere in Deutschland geltenden, Maßstäbe setzenden Forschungen.The partnership between the Universities of Hamburg and Bordeaux, which has existed for half a century, has been put into practice in many forms. There were two main reasons for the fact that this is the first time in the long history of partnership that an anniversary has been celebrated. One of these was the publication of an extensive anniversary volume, which was produced in close cooperation with the Hamburg-Bordelais historians. The other occasion was the conferral of an honorary doctorate from the University of Hamburg by the Department of Language, Literature and Media (SLM) II to the Bordelaiser German scholar Jean Mondot for his research on European Enlightenment, which set new standards, particularly in Germany

Activated Platelets in Carotid Artery Thrombosis in Mice Can Be Selectively Targeted with a Radiolabeled Single-Chain Antibody

BACKGROUND: Activated platelets can be found on the surface of inflamed, rupture-prone and ruptured plaques as well as in intravascular thrombosis. They are key players in thrombosis and atherosclerosis. In this study we describe the construction of a radiolabeled single-chain antibody targeting the LIBS-epitope of activated platelets to selectively depict platelet activation and wall-adherent non-occlusive thrombosis in a mouse model with nuclear imaging using in vitro and ex vivo autoradiography as well as small animal SPECT-CT for in vivo analysis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: LIBS as well as an unspecific control single-chain antibody were labeled with (111)Indium ((111)In) via bifunctional DTPA ( = (111)In-LIBS/(111)In-control). Autoradiography after incubation with (111)In-LIBS on activated platelets in vitro (mean 3866 ± 28 DLU/mm(2), 4010 ± 630 DLU/mm(2) and 4520 ± 293 DLU/mm(2)) produced a significantly higher ligand uptake compared to (111)In-control (2101 ± 76 DLU/mm(2), 1181 ± 96 DLU/mm(2) and 1866 ± 246 DLU/mm(2)) indicating a specific binding to activated platelets; P<0.05. Applying these findings to an ex vivo mouse model of carotid artery thrombosis revealed a significant increase in ligand uptake after injection of (111)In-LIBS in the presence of small thrombi compared to the non-injured side, as confirmed by histology (49630 ± 10650 DLU/mm(2) vs. 17390 ± 7470 DLU/mm(2); P<0.05). These findings could also be reproduced in vivo. SPECT-CT analysis of the injured carotid artery with (111)In-LIBS resulted in a significant increase of the target-to-background ratio compared to (111)In-control (1.99 ± 0.36 vs. 1.1 ± 0.24; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Nuclear imaging with (111)In-LIBS allows the detection of platelet activation in vitro and ex vivo with high sensitivity. Using SPECT-CT, wall-adherent activated platelets in carotid arteries could be depicted in vivo. These results encourage further studies elucidating the role of activated platelets in plaque pathology and atherosclerosis and might be of interest for further developments towards clinical application

A Mammalian Conserved Element Derived from SINE Displays Enhancer Properties Recapitulating Satb2 Expression in Early-Born Callosal Projection Neurons

Short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) are highly repeated sequences that account for a significant proportion of many eukaryotic genomes and are usually considered “junk DNA”. However, we previously discovered that many AmnSINE1 loci are evolutionarily conserved across mammalian genomes, suggesting that they may have acquired significant functions involved in controlling mammalian-specific traits. Notably, we identified the AS021 SINE locus, located 390 kbp upstream of Satb2. Using transgenic mice, we showed that this SINE displays specific enhancer activity in the developing cerebral cortex. The transcription factor Satb2 is expressed by cortical neurons extending axons through the corpus callosum and is a determinant of callosal versus subcortical projection. Mouse mutants reveal a crucial function for Sabt2 in corpus callosum formation. In this study, we compared the enhancer activity of the AS021 locus with Satb2 expression during telencephalic development in the mouse. First, we showed that the AS021 enhancer is specifically activated in early-born Satb2+ neurons. Second, we demonstrated that the activity of the AS021 enhancer recapitulates the expression of Satb2 at later embryonic and postnatal stages in deep-layer but not superficial-layer neurons, suggesting the possibility that the expression of Satb2 in these two subpopulations of cortical neurons is under genetically distinct transcriptional control. Third, we showed that the AS021 enhancer is activated in neurons projecting through the corpus callosum, as described for Satb2+ neurons. Notably, AS021 drives specific expression in axons crossing through the ventral (TAG1−/NPY+) portion of the corpus callosum, confirming that it is active in a subpopulation of callosal neurons. These data suggest that exaptation of the AS021 SINE locus might be involved in enhancement of Satb2 expression, leading to the establishment of interhemispheric communication via the corpus callosum, a eutherian-specific brain structure

[---]aecius Tauri f. Gallus aus Tarraco, Sohn eines römischen Senators? -

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