Contraception and Family Planning: New Aspects Related to the Therapeutic Possibilities

The therapeutic use of CHC (combined hormonal contraception) is examined in healthy patients who accept this contraceptive method and in patients with specific problems (abundant menstrual flows, hyperandrogenism, chronic pelvic pain, PMS, disability, different lifestyles, etc.) who require contraception. Rational motivation for the non-only contraceptive use of this device is represented by their mechanism of action: antigonadotropic action with ovulatory block and reduced production of sex steroids, endometrial response with changes in menstrual bleeding, action on the progesterone receptor, downregulation of estrogen receptors, and anti-inflammatory action. The dosing regimen (continuous regimen) can also modulate the therapeutic response in relation to the utilization in pathologies with catamenial exacerbation. The metabolic response varies in relation to the characteristics of the association (synthetic or natural estrogen, progestin component) with possible hepatocellular action, characteristic for associations with EE. Numerous data on associations with EE, few data with natural estrogens are available; the assumptions of use in relation to particular therapeutic lines are examined

Counseling ed esame obiettivo nell’adolescente: indicazioni per una valutazione rispettosa della sessualità

Dubbi o paure relative alla sessualità sono spesso presenti nei bisogni di salute degli adolescenti sia che restino impliciti dietro una richiesta di visita o di prescrizione contraccettiva sia che vengano espressi. Partendo dalle richieste o dai sintomi sessuali, spesso correlati ad una fase ancora di conoscenza di sé e dell?altro, è possibile offrire un counseling ed un esame ginecologico orientato, che chiarisca almeno in parte la dimensione del problema. Infine non dimentichiamo che, proprio per la sua specificità nel percorso di crescita adolescenziale, può essere indispensabile per una corretta presa in carico di alcune situazioni cliniche, proporre il tema della sessualità come argomento privilegiato di consulenza

Female athletes and menstrual disorders: A pilot study

Background: There is a greater incidence of menstrual disorders in female athletes than in their sedentary counterparts. The menstrual disorder is reported in female athletes suffering from athletic triad syndrome, while few data in those free of this syndrome are available. The study aims to ascertain the presence of menstrual disorders and the eventual relationship with myocardial performance in female athletes practicing different sports. Methods: A sample of 64 subjects aged 18.5±2 was selected and divided into 3 groups (37 subjects practicing rhythmic gymnastics, 11 swimmers, and 16 volleyball players). All underwent echocardiography, biompendance analysis, and answered a questionnaire. Results: All anthropometrics parameters were normal. Few athletes reported menstrual disorders. No association between the presence of menstrual disorders and BMI. All echo results were within the normal range. Cardiac Mass Index (CMI) was normal for all athletes despite in swimmers significantly higher values (90.64±14.9 g/m2) compared to the volleyball players (78.25±14.0 g/m2; p<.04) and rhythmic gymnasts (77.89±13.4 g/m2; p<.009) were found. Conclusions: Despite menstrual disorders are represented among female athletes, the eventual relationship with the sport practiced is not so evident. Questionnaire should be used to identify menstrual disorders in non-elite athletically active females

Hemangioma of the clitoris presenting as clitoromegaly: a case report

: A 20-year-old woman with massive clitoral enlargement is presented to discuss the differential diagnosis and the treatment of this condition