Mechanism of combustion of solid carbon

Measurements of temperature distribution in the reaction zone above the surface of carbon were studied. Using a method of spectral line reversal it was found that the minimum temperature in that zone is several hundred degrees higher than that of the carbon surface

Community Based Treatment of Tuberculosis in Rural Mozambique

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease commonly occurring in the lungs and is spread through the air usually by coughing. This infectious disease is particularly dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems, like those with HIV/AIDS. Treatment for pulmonary TB infections is a regimen of multiple antibiotics lasting for at least six months. Objectives: Despite complete coverage of treatment costs for TB patients by the Ministry of Health in Mozambique, incidence of the disease remains a high 174 cases per 100,000. The objective of this project is to evaluate World Relief’s (WR) community based TB directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) treatment program. Methods: Sixty-four TB treatment program volunteers within the three highest populated districts of the province of Gaza were interviewed and data were collected to identify accurate numbers of current community based DOTS patients per district. The central hospital in each district was also visited to directly acquire patient data and interview TB nurses. Results: Currently a total of 153 TB patients are receiving community-based treatment in the three districts visited. On average, each village has one community based DOTS volunteer, and each volunteer oversees the treatment of up to three patients at a time. These volunteers reported positive community reception to TB prevention education yet felt inadequate with the community based DOTS system of treatment as a whole. Conclusions: Based on the data collected and interviews completed, the community based DOTS program was effective in raising community awareness of TB prevention, as well as educating about TB as an infectious disease and TB treatment. The evaluation also concluded that the program lacked proper training and education maintenance for the volunteers in rural villages. Implications for global health: Much potential exists for the community based DOTS program to successfully reduce TB incidence in Mozambique, particularly if WR is able to implement the necessary changes and improvements in volunteer training to its program in order to maximize its effectiveness in the community. The health problem of TB is of considerable public health significance because of the highly contagious nature of the bacteria. Without substantial steps taken to decrease the number of cases particularly in populations of greater susceptibility, the disease will only spread and mortality will increase. A successful decrease in incidence of TB infections in Mozambique would lead to a longer average life span and increased health in the population overall

Representation Matters: One Approach to Centering Diversity in Science Classes | Speaker Series

While some disciplines lend themselves to a focus on DEI issues via the content of the courses themselves, math and science courses historically do not. As we all work to make our classrooms more inclusive and accessible, we can benefit from observing and discussing approaches others have taken. Please join us for a discussion of one approach to centering DEI efforts in a STEM field and stay for a mini-conference that has emerged from this work

Aspects of the Life History of the Pond Smelt (Hypomesus olidus) in the Yukon and Northwest Territories

The pond smelt (Hypomesus olidus) has a limited North American distribution, being restricted to the west coast of Alaska and the drainage of the lower Mackenzie River, N.W.T. This study examined an isolated population in a small tundra lake on the Yukon coastal plain. Otolith interpretation revealed that most adult fish sampled in Lake 100 were age 4+ and 5+ years, but a few individuals lived to age 8+ and 9+. Full maturity was not reached until age 5+ and repeat spawning was common. The sex ratio was skewed in favour of females. Growth was found to be slower in the Yukon population than in Alaskan and Japanese lakes. Some stunting was evident in Lake 100 pond smelt, but otherwise their meristic and morphometric characteristics corresponded with those from elsewhere. The pond smelt were primarily planktivorous in Lake 100 and there appeared to be no significant predation on them, but in the Mackenzie delta and elsewhere they are utilized as a forage species.Key words: pond smelt, life history, food habits, Hypomesus olidus, YukonMots clés: éperian à petite bouche, biologie, alimentation, Hypomesus olidus, Yukon, cycle vita

Creativity in Teaching - Engaging Students | Brownbag Series

Bring your lunch and learn from your colleagues! Brownbag lunch presentations will be held four times this semester with different faculty members presenting topics that may be helpful to you

Urban Growth, Community, and the Environment: An Experiential Pedagogy

Some scholars have described urban sprawl as America\u27s most pressing environmental issue. As educators we are acutely interested in unearthing new methods for engaging students in these types of topics. In this paper we describe a unique interdisciplinary and experiential course that we have designed to introduce students of various academic programs to the attendant issues of urban sprawl

Museums in the Crosshairs: Unintended Consequences of the War on Terror

Congress has passed ineffectual, “sound bite” anti-terrorism legislation that has foisted conflicting jurisdictional mandates upon the federal courts, sucked terrorist victims into a vacuous, exhausting drama with no chance for justice, and interfered with the President‟s ability to conduct diplomatic relations in the Middle East. One group of victims is mired in multiple jurisdictions trying to enforce a default judgment, exorbitant by international standards, against the Islamic Republic of Iran by forcing auctions of antiquities collections housed at Harvard University, the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago), and the Museum of Fine Arts (Boston) among others. Congress in this political posturing has triggered the Department of Justice to participate in the litigation counter to the victims‟ interests. The victims likely feel ignored and maligned by their own president, while Congress all along was the master puppeteer of their false hopes. This Article analyzes the legislation and litigation and concludes that Congress should leave the ever-changing war on terror to the executive branch and that the artifacts should not be auctioned—even to satisfy the plaintiffs, the most deserving of victims

Average probability of failure on demand estimation for burner management systems

Proper estimation of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) depends largely on accurate estimation of Safety performance in terms of average Probability of Failure on Demand, (PFDavg). For complex architectures of logic solvers, sensors, and valves, this can be calculated by distinguishing combinations of subsystems with basic (K-out-of-N) KooN approach for identical components. In the case of the typical configurations of valves for a burner management systems with non-identical subsystem configurations the KooN approach does not apply. Hence, it becomes an issues to calculate the correct safety performance since some of the established methods give too optimistic results due to lack of Common cause Failure information and data on non-identical components or sub-systems. This paper formulates a Markov model for determination of average probability of failure on demand for non-identical components and also proposes a more conservative lowest failure rate approach and maximum beta factor contrary to pragmatic minimum or average beta for correct estimation of average probability of failure on demand. It can be deduced that the measure of safety performance for components or subsystems with unequal failure rates depends largely on common cause failure, but a single beta factor is not appropriate to model the commonality of the failure. The result revealed that both geometric mean and lowest failure rate approaches result in different values with the lowest failure rate being the most conservative and optimistic result.Keywords: burner management systems, probability of failure on demand, common cause failure, KooN configurations, and lowest failure rate, Markov Analysi

Inhibition of protein translation as a novel mechanism for prostaglandin E2 regulation of cell functions

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154239/1/fsb2028001008.pd

Vibrational Spectrum of N‐Methyl Formamide

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70491/2/JCPSA6-26-3-716-2.pd