From Living Apart to Living Together: Do Children Born before the Current Partnership Matter?

This study examines the association between having children born before the current partnership and women’s and men’s likelihood of transitioning from living apart together (LAT) to co-residing. LAT partnerships are common among individuals with pre-partnership children, but have so far been under-researched. Our study not only focuses on those in LAT relations, but also takes the different pathways to becoming a single parent into account. Event-history analysis was performed using waves 1-4 from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study. The results indicate that separated and widowed mothers were less likely to transition to co-residence with their LAT partner than childless women who had previously been in a co-residential union. Mothers who had previous out-of-union children were found to be even less likely to enter co-residence. Results were mostly similar for men and women. The only exception was the effect of being widowed with children; for men this resulted in higher chances of transitioning to co-residence with a new partner whereas for women the chances were lower. The findings suggest that individuals’ parenthood and union histories are associated with the development of their later partnerships, and that these patterns vary by gender. Given contemporary and future patterns of partnership separation, our study provides insights for better understanding how LAT relations develop for different sub-populations

Timing of first union among second-generation Turks in Europe: The role of parents, peers and institutional context

This study examines the influence of parents and peers on first union timing among the Turkish second generation in Europe using pooled data from the TIES survey. Cross-national differences in union formation are assessed by comparing countries with different integration policies and welfare regimes. Analyses show that both parents and peers are relevant predictors of entry into union: More modern parental characteristics and contact with non-coethnic peers result in postponement of union entry. Furthermore, parental and peer influences are found to be rather similar in all seven countries despite a variety of integration policies. Actual timing differences between countries may be caused by welfare state provisions directed at young adults

Acculturation style, transnational behaviour, and return-migration intentions of the Turkish second generation: Exploring linkages

Background: In public discourse, acculturation, transnational behaviour, and migration are highly debated and viewed as related. In the academic literature, this relationship has hardly received attention. This article explores linkages between these processes and how they are determined by indicators of cultural distance (i.e., perceived discrimination and religiosity) and personality (i.e., self-efficacy). Methods: We derive a general theoretical model for these processes and determinants and test it by using structural equation modelling on the TIES survey data of the Turkish second generation in six European countries. Results: Model-fit statistics indicate that our theoretical model is supported by the survey data of the six countries and by pooled-country data. We found that the type of acculturation style preferred by the Turkish second generation influences how transnationally active they are and what their migration intentions are. We also found that being more transnationally active correlates with a stronger intention to migrate to Turkey. Cultural distance (religiosity and perceived discrimination) and, less so, personality traits (self-efficacy) impinge on these relationships. Contribution: Our theoretical model helps to explain how acculturation, transnational behaviour, and migration intentions are related to and determined by cultural distance and personality traits. Country-specific configurations of the model exist and underscore the importance of taking characteristics of the country context into account when studying the behaviour of immigrant groups. Furthermore, the TIES project collected unique, rich, and comparable data that is available to the research community for studying the lives of the Turkish second generation from an international comparative perspective

Adolescent Residential Mobility and Life Satisfaction in Emerging Adulthood

Moving in adolescence could be a stressful experience, potentially disturbing development into adulthood. This study investigated the relationship between residential mobility in adolescence and life satisfaction in young adulthood, focusing on moving timing, frequency, and distance, using (retrospective) longitudinal German survey data (N = 2998, mean age = 20.18, 45.8% boy, 6.8% first-generation immigrant, 31.0% children of immigrants). Moving twice or more in adolescence was linked to lower life satisfaction in young adulthood, even after controlling for family background characteristics. Moving distance was unrelated to life satisfaction. Exploratory analyses showed that particularly for children of immigrants, frequent moving was related to lower life satisfaction. Since frequent moving in adolescence was more common in disadvantaged families, frequent moving could reinforce social inequalities into young adulthood.</p

Social networks and feelings of social loneliness after migration: The case of European migrants with a native partner in Belgium

This paper studies the social networks and feelings of social loneliness of a group of migrants that, because of their European origins and their mixed relations with a native partner, might be easily integrating socially. The data are a sample of 237 (first-generation) European migrants with a native partner living in Belgium, drawn from the EUMARR study on binational couples. First, their social networks and feelings of loneliness are compared to those of natives in a uninational partnership. Second, structural equation modelling is performed to study the effect of various characteristics of local and transnational networks of family and friends (such as size, composition and intensity of contact) on feelings of social loneliness, as well as the link with migration history. Results reveal that European migrants with a native partner experience more feelings of social loneliness than do the native population. A larger local network, with more own relatives and more (own, not met through the partner) friends, as well as more frequent contact with local friends contribute to lower levels of social loneliness. Transnational contact and the share of natives in the local network have no impact. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the social life of European migrants and show how, even with a native partner, they are still affected by the migration move in relation to feelings of social loneliness

Families en criminaliteit

De conclusie die volgt uit het eerste deel van deze bijdrage waarin we, rekening houdend met demografische ontwikkelingen, voorspellingen doen over ontwikkelingen in criminaliteit in Nederland, is dat deze niet zal stijgen, maar eerder zal afnemen. In het tweede deel onderzoeken we hoe en in welke mate familiekenmerken de kans op crimineel gedrag beïnvloeden. We maken hier gebruik van gegevens van een algemene steekproef van de bevolking, de Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS). Uit de resultaten komt naar voren dat de kwaliteit van de sociale bindingen in het ouderlijk huis een betere voorspeller is van de kans crimineel gedrag te ontwikkelen dan de sociaal-structurele kenmerken van het gezin van herkomst die standaard worden onderzocht. Verder blijkt dat het gezinsklimaat niet alles bepalend is. Ook ervaringen later in de levensloop en met name het ontbreken van bindingen met sociale instituties, zoals het huwelijk en de arbeidsmarkt hangen positief samen met crimineel gedrag. Niet uitsluitend de huwelijksrelatie geeft een kleinere kans op crimineel gedrag, maar ook betrokkenheid bij de bredere kring van familierelaties. We zien een cumulatie van problemen van delinquentie binnen families. Gezien deze bevinding lijkt het van belang om preventief en correctief beleid niet uitsluitend te richten op het individu, maar ook op de familie.Tot slot laten de resultaten zien dat crimineel gedrag sterk samenhangt met ander probleemgedrag, zoals verslaving en ernstige psychische problemen. De causaliteit is echter moeilijk te ontrafelen.

Differences in labour force participation by motherhood status among second-generation Turkish and majority women across Europe

Second-generation Turkish immigrants make up an increasingly important segment of European labour markets. These young adults are entering the prime working ages and forming families. However, we have only a limited understanding of the relationship between labour force participation and parenthood among second-generation Turkish women. Using unique data from the Integration of the European Second Generation survey (2007/08), we compared the labour force participation of second-generation Turkish women with their majority-group counterparts by motherhood status in four countries. We found evidence that motherhood gaps, with respect to labour force participation, were similar for majority and second-generation Turkish women in Germany and in Sweden; however, there may be larger gaps for second-generation mothers than for majority women in the Netherlands and France. Cross-national findings were consistent with the view that national normative and social policy contexts are relevant for the labour force participation of all women, regardless of migrant background

Patrones de migración y características de los inmigrantes en Europa Noroccidental

Incluye BibliografíaEn este artículo se expone un estudio de la migración en Alemania, Bélgica, los Países Bajos y el Reino Unido. Se examina la migración internacional a través de la dinámica de los flujos migratorios y las características de los inmigrantes, sobre la base de la estadística más reciente disponible en estos países. Los datos indican que debe prestarse especial atención a la procedencia de la población, según se trate de América Latina o de África. Además, se analiza el trasfondo de las políticas y las leyes relevantes en la materia, considerando que hoy en día se ha dado un proceso de envejecimiento de la población entre algunos inmigrantes, lo que sugiere que debe estudiarse también a sus descendientes y a la población adulta. Los autores resaltan el hecho de que los hijos de inmigrantes representan entre un quinto y una cuarta parte del total de la población en edad escolar, y abren la discusión sobre el uso de fuentes de datos y su potencialidad, como también sobre las carencias que aún persisten en la recolección de la información incluso en los países del norte de Europa