Analysis of Inlet Air Cooling for IGCC Power Augmentation

Abstract Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles are energy systems mainly composed of a gasifier and a combined cycle power plant. Since the gasification process usually requires oxygen as an oxidant, an air separation unit is also part of the plant. Moreover, a producer gas cleaner unit is always present between the gasifier and the gas turbine. With respect to Natural Gas Combined Cycles, IGCCs are characterized by a consistent loss in the overall plant efficiency due to the conversion of the raw fuel in the gasifier and the electrical power parasitized for fuel production which considerably reduce the plant net electric power. Moreover, since these plants are based on gas-steam combined cycle power plants they suffer from a reduction in performance (a further net power decrease) when ambient temperature increases. Regarding this latter topic, different systems are currently used in gas turbine and combined cycle power plants in order to reduce gas turbine inlet air temperature, and, therefore, the impact of ambient conditions on performances. In this paper, a review of these systems is presented. Both systems based on water evaporative cooling and on refrigeration by means of absorption or mechanical/electrical chillers are described. Thermodynamic models of the systems are built within the framework of a commercial code for the simulation of energy conversion systems. A sensitivity analysis on the main parameters is presented. Finally, the models are applied to study the capabilities of the different systems by imposing the real temperature profiles of different sites for a whole year

A Latent Dirichlet Allocation Approach using Mixed Graph of Terms for Sentiment Analysis

The spread of generic (as Twitter, Facebook orGoogle+) or specialized (as LinkedIn or Viadeo) social networks allows to millions of users to share opinions on different aspects of life every day. Therefore this information is a rich source of data for opinion mining and sentiment analysis. This paper presents a novel approach to the sentiment analysis based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach. The proposed methodology aims to identify a word-based graphical model (we call it a mixed graph of terms) for depicting a positive or negative attitude towards a topic. By the use of this model it will be possible to automatically mine from documents positive and negative sentiments.Experimental evaluation, on standard and real datasets, shows that the proposed approach is effective and furnishes good and reliable results

Torque Vectoring Control for fully electric Formula SAE cars

Fully electric vehicles with individually controlled powertrains can achieve significantly enhanced vehicle response, in particular by means of Torque Vectoring Control (TVC). This paper presents a TVC strategy for a Formula SAE (FSAE) fully electric vehicle, the “T-ONE” car designed by “UninaCorse E-team” of the University of Naples Federico II, featuring four in-wheel motors. A Matlab-Simulink double-track vehicle model is implemented, featuring non-linear (Pacejka) tyres. The TVC strategy consists of: i) a reference generator that calculates the target yaw rate in real time based on the current values of steering wheel angle and vehicle velocity, in order to follow a desired optimal understeer characteristic; ii) a high-level controller which generates the overall traction/braking force and yaw moment demands based on the accelerator/brake pedal and on the error between the target yaw rate and the actual yaw rate; iii) a control allocator which outputs the reference torques for the individual wheels. A driver model was implemented to work out the brake/accelerator pedal inputs and steering wheel angle input needed to follow a generic trajectory. In a first implementation of the model, a circular trajectory was adopted, consistently with the "skid-pad" test of the FSAE competition. Results are promising as the vehicle with TVC achieves up to � 9% laptime savings with respect to the vehicle without TVC, which is deemed significant and potentially crucial in the context of the FSAE competition

Neogeography and seismic risk perception : a comparison between two case studies : Calabria, Southern Italy and Malta

Geography of perception aims at clarifying human behaviour by studying the concepts and images of the real world that a person elaborates on by considering the psychological and social aspects of man’s behaviour within an environment. In this context, a questionnaire was given to primary and middle school pupils in an area of Calabria (Southern Italy), which has recently been affected by an on-going seismic sequence widely felt by the local population. The same questionnaire was given to students in Malta (Central Mediterranean), an area considered to have a low-to-moderate seismic hazard, and where earthquake awareness is not culturally strong. In this way, the knowledge effectively possessed by the students (relating to age, experience and area of origin) are analysed; their analogous and differing perceptions on earthquakes in different areas are highlighted. The data collected can be used to project and create new informative tools through which students will become “geographic information volunteers” studying natural risks such as earthquakes, and augmenting the territory’s level of resilience.peer-reviewe

Ameliorating a Complex Urban Ecosystem Through Instrumental Use of Softscape Buffers: Proposal for a Green Infrastructure Network in the Metropolitan Area of Naples

Green Infrastructure (GI) definition, deriving from the United States green infrastructure for hydro-geological rebalancing through imitating the nature stormwater management, was consolidated in Europe by GI Planning Guide. Nowadays GI can be considered a valid and meaningful approach for ameliorating urban complex ecosystems, and could also be considered as mitigation action of land consumption, according to the guidelines on the soil sealing of the European Commission (2012). The metropolitan area of Naples located in south Italy is characterized by an unauthorized and chaotic urban development. The land-use map reported an average of 30% of urbanization in the metropolitan area, rising up to 50–60% and as high as 98% in the north core area of the city. This high level of urbanization is directly related to the habitat fragmentation. The National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy defines several challenges and targets to counteract the biodiversity loss in Italy, identifying urban areas as places exposed to the greatest pressures on ecosystems. Therefore, the integration of different policies limiting habitat fragmentation, heat island effect and natural soil hydro-geological degradation into spatial planning, especially through green corridors and ecosystem enhancement in urban areas is an urgent need for the society. Spatial planning has to be renewed in metropolitan areas, where threats and weaknesses to biodiversity conservation are stronger than in any other place, according to the Law n. 56/2014, (Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana, 2014) committing metropolitan cities to the enactment of General Territorial Plan. In the current paper, we aim at designing an ecological network for the metropolitan area of Naples one of the biggest city of southern Italy. The analyses include the adopted methodological procedure, i.e., ecological network analysis and design, and the introductory elements of a spatial analysis on a pilot ecological network of several patches. Finally, the paper illustrates the network analysis conceived as a monitoring system and also in future perspective, as a planning support system

Low temperature district heating networks for complete energy needs fulfillment

In order to reduce fossil fuels consumption and pollutant emissions, high contribution is given by district heating. In particular, the integration with renewable energy may lead to a significant increase in energy conversion efficiency and energy saving. Further benefits can be achieved with low temperature district heating, reducing the thermal dissipations through the network and promoting the exploitation of low enthalpy heat sources. The aim of the paper is the analysis of the potential related to the conversion of existing district heating networks, to increase the exploitation of renewable sources and eliminate pollutant emissions in the city areas. Further aim, in this context, is the optimization – from both energy production and operation management viewpoints – of a low temperature district heating network for the fulfillment of the connected users’ energy needs. To this respect, a traditional network with a fossil fuel driven thermal production plant has been considered and compared with a low temperature district heating scenario, including geothermal heat pumps, photovoltaic panels and absorption chillers. These scenarios have been analyzed and optimized with an in-house developed software, allowing to demonstrate the reduction of primary energy consumption and CO2 pollutant emissions achievable with low temperature networks. In addition, a preliminary economic evaluation has been carried out to compare the proposed solution with traditional district heating

Sensory Attributes and Consumer Acceptability of 12 Microgreens Species

Microgreens are gaining increasing recognition among consumers, acclaimed for their freshness and health promoting properties associated with densely fortified secondary metabolites. These immature greens enhance human diet and enrich it with sharp colors and flavors. While numerous species are being tested for agronomic and nutritional suitability, consumer acceptance of appearance, texture, and flavor is critical for the microgreens' marketplace success. This study investigates whether sensory attributes and visual appearance affect consumer preference for microgreens and their willingness to consume them. By means of a consumer test, the sensory attributes of 12 microgreens species were evaluated, wherein a partial least squares structural equation model was developed to link sensorial attributes to willingness to eat the product. The results showed that although visual appearance of the microgreens was largely appreciated, consumer acceptance overall was mainly determined by flavor and texture. In particular, the lower the astringency, sourness, and bitterness, the higher the consumer acceptability of microgreens. Among the 12 examined species, mibuna and cress scored the lowest acceptance by consumers, while Swiss chard and coriander were the most appreciated, being therefore good candidates to be introduced in Western country markets. In addition, both Swiss chard and coriander have been identified by previous literature as good dietary source of phenolic antioxidants

Percepire e rappresentare il rischio sismico nell’antropocene confronto tra due casi-studio : Mottafollone (Calabria) e Malta

La Terra, mite ed ospitale per diecimila anni, da circa due secoli è entrata nell’Antropocene, una nuova epoca geologica che si distingue per l’impatto dell’uomo sul clima e sull’ambiente. Secondo Sandro Calvani (2013), è certo che viviamo per la prima volta in un sistema planetario di relazioni tra umanità e natura in cui l’umanità controlla tutte le altre variabili ed è responsabile di tutte le conseguenze. Il genere umano è in grado per la prima volta di distruggere o salvare il suo futuro. Per questi motivi, da alcuni anni, in Italia, sta crescendo l’interesse per la Geoetica (Peppoloni e Di Capua, 2012) che si occupa delle implicazioni etiche, sociologiche e culturali delle Scienze della Terra, ampliando le prospettive e le aspettative delle Geoscienze ed evidenziando il ruolo fondamentale svolto dagli studi geologici e geografci nel trovare soluzioni ai problemi pratici della vita dell’uomo, compatibilmente con la preservazione della natura e del Pianeta. Infatti, l’uomo costituisce sempre parte attiva anche nei fenomeni catastrofci in quanto può fungere da amplifcatore del danno e delle dinamiche naturali. D’altra parte, per quanto tali fenomeni risultino solo parzialmente prevedibili, comunque si può intervenire sui parametri del rischio dipendenti dall’antropizzazione quali la vulnerabilità e valore esposto che segnano il discrimine tra evento e calamità. Attraverso l’informazione e la conoscenza del rischio è, quindi, possibile contenere al minimo i danni, affnando le tecniche di previsione e prevenzione. Nell’ambito di ricerca che riguarda la percezione dei rischi naturali, si collocano storicamente gli studi di tipo geografco orientati all’approfondimento degli elementi di natura descrittiva e all’analisi del comportamento sociale di fronte al verifcarsi di rischi naturali generati da fonti assunte date ed esogene (Gatto e Saitta, 2009). In tale contesto, è stato somministrato un questionario agli studenti della secondaria di primo grado di Mottafollone, in provincia di Cosenza, nell’area del Pollino, che costituisce un’area sismicamente attiva, e nell’isola di Malta, che costituisce, invece, un’area di bassa-moderata pericolosità sismica in cui la consapevolezza del rischio sismico non è culturalmente solida. Le isole maltesi hanno, tuttavia, risentito storicamente di una serie di terremoti, i cui epicentri furono in Sicilia orientale, nel Canale di Sicilia o nell’Arco Ellenico. Alcuni di questi terremoti hanno prodotto notevoli danni.N/

Regional nodes in European areas to boost innovation transfer and knowledge uptake. A social network analysis of building relationships in “Short Food Supply Chain Knowledge and Innovation Network (SKIN)” – H2020 project

This paper aims at conceptualizing the approach followed in designing the building European network within the H2020 project “Short Supply Chain Knowledge and Innovation Network”. It was brought together literature regarding the adoption of network analysis and the development of short food supply chain in order to describe the role of the regional nodes as means to transfer knowledge along and between local food systems around European areas. This resulted into the framework of SKIN network design. The approach is devised to overcome the parochialism of local food systems, and structure an interconnected design among economic players to fulfill regional and global impacts in knowledge transfer