Determining the size of the proton

A measurement of the Lamb shift of 49,881.88(76) GHz in muonic hydrogen in conjunction with theoretical estimates of the proton structure effects was recently used to deduce an accurate but rather small radius of the proton. Such an important shift in the understanding of fundamental values needs reconfirmation. Using a different approach with electromagnetic form factors of the proton, we obtain a new expression for the transition energy, $\Delta = E_{2P_{{3}/{2}}}^{f=2} - E_{2S_{{1}/{2}}}^{f=1}$, in muonic hydrogen and deduce a proton radius, $r_p = 0.831$ fm.Comment: 20 pages LaTe

Intoxicaciones más frecuentes en pequeños animales

Una de las causas más habituales de consulta de urgencias en pequeños animales son las intoxicaciones. Algunas de ellas se producen por intoxicación accidental, otras por absorción cutánea y en ciertas ocasiones los propietarios medican a sus mascotas de forma inadecuada. En el presente trabajo se describen aquellas intoxicaciones que con más frecuencia son atendidas por los autores.

A New Genus of Miniaturized and Pug-Nosed Gecko from South America (Sphaerodactylidae: Gekkota)

Sphaerodactyl geckos comprise five genera distributed across Central and South America and the Caribbean. We estimated phylogenetic relationships among sphaerodactyl genera using both separate and combined analyses of seven nuclear genes. Relationships among genera were incongruent at different loci and phylogenies were characterized by short, in some cases zero-length, internal branches and poor phylogenetic support at most nodes. We recovered a polyphyletic Coleodactylus, with Coleodactylus amazonicus being deeply divergent from the remaining Coleodactylus species sampled. The C. amazonicus lineage possessed unique codon deletions in the genes PTPN12 and RBMX while the remaining Coleodactylus species had unique codon deletions in RAG1. Topology tests could not reject a monophyletic Coleodactylus, but we show that short internal branch lengths decreased the accuracy of topology tests because there were not enough data along these short branches to support one phylogenetic hypothesis over another. Morphological data corroborated results of the molecular phylogeny, with Coleodactylus exhibiting substantial morphological heterogeneity. We identified a suite of unique craniofacial features that differentiate C. amazonicus not only from other Coleodactylus species, but also from all other geckos. We describe this novel sphaerodactyl lineage as a new genus, Chatogekko gen. nov. We present a detailed osteology of Chatogekko, characterizing osteological correlates of miniaturization that provide a framework for future studies in sphaerodactyl systematics and biology

Формирование модели системы воспитания в школе на основе интеграции общего и дополнительного образования (из опыта работы)

Trabajo presentado en la European Hydrogen Energy Conference - EHEC, celebrada en Sevilla (España) del 12 al 14 de mayo de 2014.There is a growing interest in the development of power sources that use renewable fuels and reduce emission of pollutants. This interest is justified by the heightening concern about environmental degradation, energy security as well as the possible exhaustion of the fossil fuel resources. One example is the use of biogas (mainly composed by CH4 and CO2) which is generated from anaerobic digestion of sewage or wastewater [1]. In order to produce hydrogen from this renewable gas, it is necessary a reforming step. There are two alternatives: 1) carbon dioxide reforming (DR: CH4 + CO2 2H2 + 2CO) and 2) steam reforming (SR: CH4 + H2O 3H2 + CO). The first reaction has two drawbacks: the deactivation of the catalyst due to carbon deposition [2] and the participation of reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS: H2 + CO2 H2O + CO) which decreases the amount of the produced hydrogen. On the other hand, steam reforming is the most extended way to produce hydrogen from CH4, but it is necessary to eliminate the CO2 from the feed. Since previous studies [3] had reported good results when La-promoted catalysts, obtained from hydrotalcite-like precursor calcination, were used in dry reforming of methane, this catalyst will be used for these tests. The aim of this work is to study the influence of H2O addition over dry reforming and the addition of CO2 over steam reforming using a La-promoted catalyst obtained from hydrotalcite-like precursor.Financial support from Comunidad de Madrid (DIVERCELCM, S2009/ENE-1475) is gratefully acknowledged.Peer Reviewe

Data-driven estimation of the instantaneous reproduction number and growth rates for the 2022 monkeypox outbreak in Europe

Objective: To estimate the instantaneous reproduction number $R_t$ and the epidemic growth rates for the 2022 monkeypox outbreaks in the European region. Methods: We gathered daily laboratory-confirmed monkeypox cases in the most affected European countries from the beginning of the outbreak to September 23, 2022. A data-driven estimation of the instantaneous reproduction number is obtained using a novel filtering type Bayesian inference. A phenomenological growth model coupled with a Bayesian sequential approach to update forecasts over time is used to obtain time-dependent growth rates in several countries. Results: The instantaneous reproduction number $R_t$ for the laboratory-confirmed monkeypox cases in Spain, France, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Italy. At the early phase of the outbreak, our estimation for $R_t$, which can be used as a proxy for the basic reproduction number $R_0$, was $2.06$ ($95\%$ CI $1.63-2.54$) for Spain, $2.62$ ($95\%$ CI $2.23-3.17$) for France, $2.81$ ($95\%$ CI $2.51-3.09$) for Germany, $1.82$ ($95\%$ CI $1.52-2.18$) for the UK, $2.84$ ($95\%$ CI $2.07-3.91$) for the Netherlands, $1.13$ ($95\%$ CI $0.99-1.32$) for Portugal, $3.06$ ($95\%$ CI $2.48-3.62$) for Italy. Cumulative cases for these countries present subexponential rather than exponential growth dynamics. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the current monkeypox outbreaks present limited transmission chains of human-to-human secondary infection so the possibility of a huge pandemic is very low. Confirmed monkeypox cases are decreasing significantly in the European region, the decline might be attributed to public health interventions and behavioral changes in the population due to increased risk perception. Nevertheless, further strategies toward elimination are essential to avoid the subsequent evolution of the monkeypox virus that can result in new outbreaks.Non