Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among janitors of Mekelle University, North Ethiopia

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among janitors working at Mekelle University, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Result The overall prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in the present study were 17.97% (69/384) and 6.25% (24/384) respectively. Although not statistically significant, the prevalence of MRSA among janitors working in the medical area (9.7%, 10/103) was two times higher than the non-medical area (4.9%, 14/281). Janitors who had more service year and who were unable to read and write were found with high isolates of MRSA. Nasal carriage of MRSA among janitors who work in the hospital and who were hospitalized in the last 3 months and those who had exposure to wastes and body fluids were 13 (37.1%) and 10 (38.5%) respectively. Majority of the isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (67; 97%), doxycycline (56; 81%), erythromycin (54; 78%), chloramphenicol (50; 72.5%) and cefoxitin (45; 65.2%). Sixty-seven of the 69 (97%) were resistant to penicillin. Of the 69 isolates of S. aureus, 22 (31.9%) showed multidrug resistant. Fourteen were resistant to three antimicrobials, 2 were resistant to four antimicrobials, and 7 were resistant to five antimicrobials

MAPPING LOCAL PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AND WASTING IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES BETWEEN 2000 AND 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic