Effects of hemazin SC 500 (terbuthylazine) on antioxidative enzymes in human erythrocytes in vitro

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the commercial formulation hemazin SC 500, an herbicide containing terbuthylazine as the active compound, on the isoenzyme patterns and activities of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), as well as on the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, in human erythrocytes in vitro. The human erythrocytes were treated with hemazin SC 500 over a broad range of terbuthylazine concentrations (37 nmol L-1– –37 mol L-1) for 1 and 3 h at a temperature of 37°C. Native electrophoresis of the control and treated samples revealed two SOD1 and one CAT isoform. Treatment did not affect the SOD1 and CAT isoenzyme profile, but induced a change in their activities. Terbuthylazine at lower concentration induced a significant increase of the total SOD1 activity and decreased the GST activity in samples incubated for 1 and 3 h. On the other hand, the highest increase in the CAT activity was observed for the sample treated for 1 h with a higher concentration of terbuthylazine. Hemazin SC 500 containing terbuthylazine induces changes in the erythrocyte antioxidative system whereby the response of individual enzymatic antioxidants depends on the concentration of the pesticide and the incubation time

ACTIVITIES OF PROXIMAL TUBULE ENZYMES AND ALBUMIN CONCENTRATION IN URINE OF CHILDREN TREATED WITH METHOTREXATE

In order to study methotrexate nephrotoxicity, the activities of proximal tubule epithelial cell membrane enzymes: alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), as well as of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and urinary albumin concentrations were determined in 12-h-urine samples of 30 patients with lymphoblastomous leukemia. The patients were i.v. receiving 4 individual methotrexate doses of 2000 mg/m2 every 15 days followed by leucovorin as a protector. Control and methotrexate-treated group, each consisting of 30 examinees, included 4–10 years old children of both sexes.Statistically significant increase of AAP and GGT activities, expressed as U/mmol creatinine was observed after the first two (p < 0.05), as well as after the remaining two therapies (p < 0.01) in relation to the control. Enzymatic activities of these two enzymes decreased to control value before the second and the third methotrexate application, but they increased again after the third application and remained elevated up to the end of experiments. Significant increase of NAG activity expressed as U/mmol creatinine (p < 0.01), as well as urinary albumin levels (mg/mmol creatinine; p < 0.01) were registered after the third methotrexate therapy and this elevation of the same statistical significance of the differences remained stable till the end of the therapy. Based on these results it can be concluded that during the time period of two first applications nephrotoxic methotrexate action is reversible and at the level of proximal tubule epithelial cell membranes. During the last two applications impairment is irreversible and at the level of cell organelles and glomerular filtration.In order to study methotrexate nephrotoxicity, the activities of proximal tubule epithelial cell membrane enzymes: alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), as well as of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and urinary albumin concentrations were determined in 12-h-urine samples of 30 patients with lymphoblastomous leukemia. The patients were i.v. receiving 4 individual methotrexate doses of 2000 mg/m2 every 15 days followed by leucovorin as a protector. Control and methotrexate-treated group, each consisting of 30 examinees, included 4–10 years old children of both sexes.Statistically significant increase of AAP and GGT activities, expressed as U/mmol creatinine was observed after the first two (p < 0.05), as well as after the remaining two therapies (p < 0.01) in relation to the control. Enzymatic activities of these two enzymes decreased to control value before the second and the third methotrexate application, but they increased again after the third application and remained elevated up to the end of experiments. Significant increase of NAG activity expressed as U/mmol creatinine (p < 0.01), as well as urinary albumin levels (mg/mmol creatinine; p < 0.01) were registered after the third methotrexate therapy and this elevation of the same statistical significance of the differences remained stable till the end of the therapy. Based on these results it can be concluded that during the time period of two first applications nephrotoxic methotrexate action is reversible and at the level of proximal tubule epithelial cell membranes. During the last two applications impairment is irreversible and at the level of cell organelles and glomerular filtration

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ENZYME AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN URINE OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH METHOTREXATE

In order study methotrexate nephrotoxicity, the activities of proximal tubule epithelial cell membrane enzymes: alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in 12-h-urine samples of 30 patients with lymphoblastomous leukemia. The patients were i.v. receiving 4 individual methotrexate doses of 2000 mg/m2 every 15 days followed by leucovorin as a protector. Control and methotrexate-treated group, each consisting of 30 examinees, included 4-10 years old children of both sexes. Statistically significant increase of AP and LDH activities, expressed as unuts/mmol creatinine was observed after the second therapy (p < 0.05) in relation to the control. Based on these results it can concluded that nephrotoxic methotrexate action is ireversible during the time period after the second applications at the level of proximal tubule epithelal cell.In order study methotrexate nephrotoxicity, the activities of proximal tubule epithelial cell membrane enzymes: alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in 12-h-urine samples of 30 patients with lymphoblastomous leukemia. The patients were i.v. receiving 4 individual methotrexate doses of 2000 mg/m2 every 15 days followed by leucovorin as a protector. Control and methotrexate-treated group, each consisting of 30 examinees, included 4-10 years old children of both sexes. Statistically significant increase of AP and LDH activities, expressed as unuts/mmol creatinine was observed after the second therapy (p < 0.05) in relation to the control. Based on these results it can concluded that nephrotoxic methotrexate action is ireversible during the time period after the second applications at the level of proximal tubule epithelal cel