Case definitions for infections sought in systematic review of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries.

<p>NAAT = Nucleic acid amplification test; MAT = microagglutination test; IFA = immunofluorescence assay; HAI = haemagglutination inhibition assay.</p><p>Case definitions for infections sought in systematic review of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries.</p

Summary of eligible diagnostic tests and confirmed cases found according to region and age in all eligible studies, 1980–2013.

<p>* <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> was tested by both blood culture and urine antigen testing, table number of patients tested using each method from each geographical region and positive results from each.</p><p>† Non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> and Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> were not consistently described to species level, thus total reported number for each group was greater than sum of species. <i>Brucella</i> spp was tested by both blood culture and serological methods, table number of patients tested using each method from each geographical region and positive results from each.</p><p>‡ Yeasts (<i>Cryptococcus</i> spp, <i>Histoplasma</i> spp) were tested by both blood culture and antigen testing, table number of patients tested using each method from each geographical region and positive results from each.</p><p>** <i>Rickettsia</i> spp were not consistently described to species level, one study from South East Asia testing for typhus group rickettsiosis reported 11 unspecified <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. were identifie</p><p>Summary of eligible diagnostic tests and confirmed cases found according to region and age in all eligible studies, 1980–2013.</p

Febrile illness etiology study locations by United Nations population division regions in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.

<p>Febrile illness etiology study locations by United Nations population division regions in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.</p

Etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries systematic review search terms.

<p><b>*</b> Truncated term used.</p><p>Etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries systematic review search terms.</p

Summary of 45 eligible studies of etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.

<p>*NAAT–Nucleic acid amplification test</p><p>*spp.—species</p><p>Summary of 45 eligible studies of etiology of severe febrile illness in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.</p

Etiological agents identified in febrile children presenting to the Pediatric Outpatient Department at Patan Hospital, Nepal, during the summer and winter study periods.

†<p>4 <i>R. typhi</i> PCR positive patients had <i>S</i>. Typhi and 1 had <i>S</i>. Paratyphi A in blood culture.</p

Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of patients with culture-confirmed enteric fever and their comparison with all the other patients in the cohort^*.

*<p>Data are no. (%) unless stated otherwise. SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.</p

Pathogens responsible for blood stream infections according to age group^*.

*<p>Data are no. (%) or no. unless stated otherwise. Percents shown for column totals only for bacterial isolates by blood culture.</p>†<p>Pathogens isolated by blood culture unless indicated otherwise.</p>‡<p>Median age in months.</p>††<p>4 patients with <i>S.</i> Typhi and 1 patient with <i>S.</i> Paratyphi A were PCR positive for <i>R. typhi.</i></p

Clinical characteristics of febrile children presenting to the Pediatric Outpatient Department at Patan Hospital, Nepal, during the summer and winter study periods.

<p>Clinical characteristics of febrile children presenting to the Pediatric Outpatient Department at Patan Hospital, Nepal, during the summer and winter study periods.</p

Cohort Characteristics.

<p>Differences between patients who died and those who survived were assessed by chi-squared for categorical data and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous data. IQR = inter quartile range.</p