Prevalence of long face pattern in brazilian individuals of different ethnic backgrounds

Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively.Objective: The long face pattern is a facial deformity with increased anterior total facial height due to vertical excess of the lower facial third. Individuals with long face may present different degrees of severity in vertical excess, as well as malocclusions that are difficult to manage. The categorization of vertical excess is useful to determine the treatment prognosis. This survey assessed the distribution of ethnically different individuals with vertical excess according to three levels of severity and determined the prevalence of long face pattern. Material and Methods: The survey was comprised of 5,020 individuals of Brazilian ethnicity (2,480 females and 2,540 males) enrolled in middle schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil. The criterion for inclusion of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships was based on lip incompetence, evaluated under natural light, in standing natural head position with the lips at rest. Once identified, the individuals were classified into three subtypes according to the severity: mild, moderate, and severe. Then the pooled sample was distributed according to ethnical background as White (Caucasoid), Black (African descent), Brown (mixed descent), Yellow (Asian descent) and Brazilian Indian (Brazilian native descent). The Chi-square (χ2 ) test was used (p<0.05) to compare the frequency ratios of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships in the total sample and among different ethnicities, according to the three levels of severity. Results: The severe subtype was rare, except in Black individuals (7.32%), who also presented the highest relative frequency (45.53%) of moderate subtype, followed by Brown individuals (43.40%). In the mild subtype, Yellow (68.08%) and White individuals (62.21%) showed similar and higher relative frequency values.\ud Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively

The influence of social media access on self-perception of oral health-related quality of life considering the malocclusion among adolescents from Amazon region

This cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of social media access on self-perception of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) considering the malocclusion among low-income adolescents from riverine and urban communities in the Amazon. 266 adolescents without access to social media, answered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) and were clinically evaluated to determine their malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). A multilevel Poisson regression analysis evaluated the association between variables related to the individuals (1st level) and regions (2nd level) and quality of life. DAI and CPQ mean values were, respectively, 29.6 (SD 6.8) and 8.3 (SD 6.9) for the adolescents from the riverine community farthest from the urban center, 24.5 (SD 6) and 11.8 (SD 7.9) for those living in the riverine area nearest to the urban center and 23.8 (SD 5.9) and 11.4 (SD 6.8) for urban adolescents. The severity of malocclusion had no statistically significant impact on self-perception of OHRQoL (RR 1.00 to 1.05). Adolescents in the remote areas reported a better quality of life (RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.24-0.60, p < 0.001), regardless the severity of dental malocclusion., than those in the urban area.

Impact of Early Loss of Lower First Permanent Molars on Third Molar Development and Position

Objective: To evaluate the effects of unilateral loss of the lower first permanent molar (L6) on the position and development of the lower third molar (L8). Material and Methods: Fifty-four panoramic radiographs of subjects with unilateral loss of L6 were examined. The L8 on the side of the L6 loss was compared with the L8 in the hemiarch without L6 loss (contralateral). The effect of L6 loss on the positioning of L8 was examined in all the samples (n=54), whereas the effect on the development of the third molar was examined in 38 patients with L8 with incomplete root formation. The Signs statistical test was used to evaluate the comparison between loss and contralateral hemiarches. Results: In 20 (37%) of 54 subjects, the L8 was better positioned in the hemiarch with loss of the lower first molar (p&lt;0.001) compared with the control side. In the remaining 34 subjects, no difference was found. When only the L8 considered as impacted on the control side was examined (n=30), the cases with better positioning on the side with L6 loss increased to 66.6% (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The loss of lower first molars improves the position of the lower third molar during its active eruption, mainly when the lower third molar is impacted. However, L6 loss does not affect the root development of lower third molars

Is teledentistry effective to monitor the evolution of orthodontic treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the advent of COVID-19, teledentistry and remote monitoring have become an imminent reality that allows orthodontists to monitor orthodontic treatment through virtual checkups, which complement in-office appointments. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of using teledentistry in monitoring the evolution of orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: Searches were performed in on-line databases. PECO strategy focused on comparing orthodontic patients exposed and not exposed to teledentistry. Searches and data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines. The assessment of the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence was performed using the ROBINS-I and GRADE tools, respectively. A meta-analysis was also performed. Results: Out of 1,178 records found, 4 met the criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. The risk of bias for follow-up assesment in aligner treatment was low to moderate; while for interceptive treatment, it was high. Studies are favorable to the use of teledentistry. The meta-analysis was performed with aligners studies only, due to heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was considered very low. Conclusion: With very low certainty of evidence, teledentistry using Dental Monitoring® software is effective as an aid in monitoring the evolution of interceptive orthodontic treatment (high risk of bias) and, especially, treatment performed with aligners (low to moderate risk of bias). The meta-analysis evidenced a reduction in the number of face-to-face appointments (mean difference = −2.75[−3.95, -1.55]; I2=41%; p<0.00001) and the time for starting refinement (mean difference = −1.21[−2.35, -0.08]; I2=49%; p=0.04). Additional randomized studies evaluating corrective orthodontic treatment with brackets and wires are welcome

Efficiency of compensatory orthodontic treatment of mild Class III malocclusion with two different bracket systems

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of compensatory orthodontic treatment of patients with mild Class III malocclusion with two preadjusted bracket systems. Method: Fifty-six matched patients consecutively treated for mild Class III malocclusion through compensatory dentoalveolar movements were retrospectively evaluated after analysis of orthodontic records. The sample was divided into two groups according to the brackets used: Group 1 = non-Class III compensated preadjusted brackets, Roth prescription (n = 28); Group 2 = compensated Class III preadjusted brackets, Capelozza III prescription (n = 28). Cephalometric analysis, number of appointments and missed appointments, months using Class III elastics, and bond/band failures were considered. Treatment time, Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index at the beginning (PAR T1) and end of treatment (PAR T2) were used to calculate treatment efficiency. Comparison was performed using a MANOVA at p&lt; 0.05. Results: Missed appointments, bond or band failures, number of months using the Class III intermaxillary elastics, and cephalometric measurements showed no statistically significant difference (p&gt; 0.05) between groups. Patients treated with Roth brackets had a treatment time 7 months longer (p= 0.01). Significant improvement in the patient’s occlusion (PAR T2-T1) was observed for both groups without difference (p= 0.22). Conclusions: Orthodontic brackets designed for compensation of mild Class III malocclusions appear to be more efficient than non-compensated straight-wire prescription brackets. Treatment time for Class III patients treated with brackets designed for compensation was shorter than with Roth prescription and no difference in the quality of the occlusal outcome was observed. A prospective randomized study is suggested to provide a deeper look into this subject.</jats:p

Plaque control in the first permanent molar: cost/benefit analysis

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of plaque self-control in first permanent molars. Methods: Two hundred seventy eight schoolchildren, 6-8 years of age, from two public schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, participated in this study. The sample was calculated by an estimate of proportion. The examinations were performed without prior tooth brushing at schools with mobile dental offices by two calibrated professionals. The teeth were categorized according to the eruption stages: not erupted (0), partially erupted (1), and fully erupted (2), as well as regards the presence of stagnant plaque on the occlusal surface: without visible plaque (0), restricted to pits and fissures (1), easily detectable (2), and fully covered by plaque (3). Collective dental advice activities for proper tooth brushing were developed with emphasis on the first permanent molar. After six months, another evaluation, along with reinforcement of advice on proper tooth brushing, were performed. The data were submitted to the odds ratio (OR), Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression in BioEstat 5.3 program. Results: Teeth in the eruption process showed a greater probability of presenting plaque than did those after full eruption (OR=0.52 [0.40-0.68]; p <0.0001), in the first examination. A reduction of 13% in the presence of stagnant plaque in the first permanent molars was observed after having provided educational advice. The partially erupted teeth showed a greater reduction of the presence of plaque (18%) than did the teeth after full eruption (13%). The time spent for the program was approximately 53 hours, with a total cost of R$637.34 (~R$1.23/child). Conclusion:Dental advice for proper brushing techniques to remove stagnant plaque on the first permanent molar was effective and efficient in the control of dental caries, especially when in infraocclusion.Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e a eficiência do autocontrole de placa em primeiros molares permanentes. Métodos: Participaram 278 escolares de 6 a 8 anos de duas escolas públicas de Belo Horizonte-MG com amostra calculada por estimativa de proporção. Os exames foram realizados, sem prévia escovação dentária, na escola com consultório móvel, por uma profissional calibrada. Os dentes foram categorizados quanto ao estágio de erupção: não erupcionado (0), parcialmente erupcionado (1), totalmente erupcionado (2) e quanto à presença de placa estagnada na superfície oclusal: sem placa visível (0), restrita a sulcos e fissuras (1), facilmente detectável (2) e totalmente coberta por placa (3). Foram desenvolvidas atividades coletivas de orientação para escovacão, com ênfase no primeiro molar permanente. Após 6 meses, outra avaliação foi realizada juntamente com o reforço à orientação da escovação. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney e à regressão logística. Resultados: Os dentes em processo de erupção mostraram maior possibilidade de apresentar placa que aqueles com completa erupção (Odds Ratio=0,52 [0,40-0,68]; p<0,0001), no exame inicial. Foi observada uma redução de 13% da presença de placa estagnada nos primeiros molares permanentes após o trabalho educativo. O tempo despendido para o programa foi de aproximadamente 53 horas, com custo total de R$ 637,34 (~1,23/criança). Conclusão: A orientação para uma técnica de escovação com remoção de placa estagnada no primeiro molar permanente mostrou-se eficaz e eficiente para o controle da cárie dentária, sobretudo quando o mesmo se encontra em infra-oclusão.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Mandibular Protraction Appliance Effects in Class II Malocclusion in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) for treating mild to moderate Class II malocclusion at different stages of dentofacial development. Lateral radiographs were evaluated before (T0) and at the end (T1) of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance associated with MPA. Sixty-five consecutively treated patients were divided according to the stage of dentofacial development: 21 children in late mixed dentition, 22 adolescents and 22 young adults with full permanent dentition. The differences between and within groups were analyzed by MANOVA at p&lt;0.05. The correction of anteroposterior discrepancy (Wits) was significantly reduced in all development stages (p&lt;0.01), with no difference between groups. Class II was corrected predominantly by dental changes in the mandibular arch, with accentuated proclination of the mandibular incisors and mesial displacement of mandibular molars. The MPA had no skeletal effects in any of the groups, except for a mild reduction of SNA (p=0.018) and ANB angles (p&lt;0.0001) among the mixed dentition children. With regard to soft-tissue profile, facial convexity decreased significantly in all groups (p&lt;0.01). In conclusion, the MPA associated with fixed appliance corrected the Class II occlusion, basically by a mandibular arch protrusion. A mild skeletal maxillary change was significant only when this treatment protocol began during mixed dentition.</jats:p

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from intact and disrupted microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) has a potential as a novel source for food/feed because it contains several constituents including bioactive compounds. However, its multilayer cell wall (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein [HRPGs]) may restrict the bioaccessibility of its nutrients. Therefore, using disruption techniques such as hydrodynamic cavitation (HDC) can be useful for assessing single cell compounds. This work aims to evaluate the impact of HDC on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) from C. reinhardtii. Our results illustrated that digestive enzymes cannot fully break down the cell walls beside HDC process generates their significant change. The intact C. reinhardtii (ICR) and disrupted C. reinhardtii (DCR) have a comparable lutein bioaccessibility, in contrast, DCR decreased the biocessibility of β-carotene. HDC decreased the biocessibility of β-carotene in the small intestine although 37% of total carotenoids from DRC were absorbed