Antitrust Decisions and Legislative Intent

While recent decisions leave no doubt that the Court has revised its view concerning the purpose or goals of the antitrust laws, exactly when the revisionist period began is less clear. Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc., was decided in the 1976-77 term. In overruling its decision in United States v. Arnold Schwinn & Co., decided just ten years earlier, the Court relied heavily on the writing of Robert Bork. Bock since has become the leading advocate for the new antitrust thinking. The 1976-77 Supreme court term seems to be a reasonable point of departure. Thus, the article will present a comparative analysis of the role of legislative intent in antitrust decision-making during two twenty-four-year periods. The first period is comprised of twenty-four consecutive Supreme Court terms beginning with the 1951-52 term and ends with the 1999-2000 term. To put the antitrust decisions in a broader context, the Article first will consider current views on the role of legislative intent in statutory interpretation and the goals of the antitrust laws

State Taxation of Interstate Commerce: \u3ci\u3eQuill\u3c/i\u3e, \u3ci\u3eAllied Signal\u3c/i\u3e, and a Proposal

I. Quill and the Nexus Requirement ... A. Bellas Hess in Perspective ... B. The Pre-Quill Climate ...C. The Quill Decision II. Allied Signal and the Unitary Business Concept ... A. Apportionment and the Unitary Business Principle ... B. The Recent Precedents ... C. The Allied-Signal Court\u27s Analysis of the Precedents and Determination of the Governing Principles ... D. Application of the Governing Principles ... E. The Dissent III. Should the Nexus Requirement Apply Separately to Each Taxed Activity? ... A. The Due Process Clause Nexus Requirement ... B. The Commerce Clause Nexus Requirement ... C. The Relationship of the Due Process and Commerce Clauses IV. Conclusio

Post-stenotic aortic dilatation

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease affecting up to 4% of the elderly population. It can be associated with dilatation of the ascending aorta and subsequent dissection. Post-stenotic dilatation is seen in patients with AS and/or aortic regurgitation, patients with a haemodynamically normal bicuspid aortic valve and following aortic valve replacement. Controversy exists as to whether to replace the aortic root and ascending aorta at the time of aortic valve replacement, an operation that potentially carries a higher morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of post-stenotic aortic dilatation remains controversial. It may be due to haemodynamic factors caused by a stenotic valve, involving high velocity and turbulent flow downstream of the stenosis, or due to intrinsic pathology of the aortic wall. This may involve an abnormality in the process of extracellular matrix remodelling in the aortic wall including inadequate synthesis, degradation and transport of extracellular matrix proteins. This article reviews the aetiology, pathology and management of patients with post-stenotic aortic dilatation

Rank signaling links the development of invariant γδ T cell progenitors and Aire(+) medullary epithelium

The thymic medulla provides a specialized microenvironment for the negative selection of T cells, with the presence of autoimmune regulator (Aire)-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) during the embryonic-neonatal period being both necessary and sufficient to establish long-lasting tolerance. Here we showed that emergence of the first cohorts of Aire(+) mTECs at this key developmental stage, prior to αβ T cell repertoire selection, was jointly directed by Rankl(+) lymphoid tissue inducer cells and invariant Vγ5(+) dendritic epidermal T cell (DETC) progenitors that are the first thymocytes to express the products of gene rearrangement. In turn, generation of Aire(+) mTECs then fostered Skint-1-dependent, but Aire-independent, DETC progenitor maturation and the emergence of an invariant DETC repertoire. Hence, our data attributed a functional importance to the temporal development of Vγ5(+) γδ T cells during thymus medulla formation for αβ T cell tolerance induction and demonstrated a Rank-mediated reciprocal link between DETC and Aire(+) mTEC maturation

Bimetallic iron-iron and iron-zinc complexes of the redox-active ONO pincer ligand.

A new bimetallic platform comprising a six-coordinate Fe(ONO)2 unit bound to an (ONO)M (M = Fe, Zn) has been discovered ((ONOcat)H3 = bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenol)amine). Reaction of Fe(ONO)2 with either (ONOcat)Fe(py)3 or with (ONOq)FeCl2 under reducing conditions led to the formation of the bimetallic complex Fe2(ONO)3, which includes unique five- and six-coordinate iron centers. Similarly, the reaction of Fe(ONO)2 with the new synthon (ONOsq˙)Zn(py)2 led to the formation of the heterobimetallic complex FeZn(ONO)3, with a six-coordinate iron center and a five-coordinate zinc center. Both bimetallic complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, solid-state magnetic measurements, and multiple spectroscopic techniques. The magnetic data for FeZn(ONO)3 are consistent with a ground state S = 3/2 spin system, generated from a high-spin iron(ii) center that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a single (ONOsq˙)2- radical ligand. In the case of Fe2(ONO)3, the magnetic data revealed a ground state S = 7/2 spin system arising from the interactions of one high-spin iron(ii) center, one high-spin iron(iii) center, and two (ONOsq˙)2- radical ligands