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Futures trading, spot price volatility and market efficiency: evidence from European real estate securities futures
In 2007 futures contracts were introduced based upon the listed real estate market in Europe. Following their launch they have received increasing attention from property investors, however, few studies have considered the impact their introduction has had. This study considers two key elements. Firstly, a traditional Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, the approach of Bessembinder & Seguin (1992) and the Gray’s (1996) Markov-switching-GARCH model are used to examine the impact of futures trading on the European real estate securities market. The results show that futures trading did not destabilize the underlying listed market. Importantly, the results also reveal that the introduction of a futures market has improved the speed and quality of information flowing to the spot market. Secondly, we assess the hedging effectiveness of the contracts using two alternative strategies (naïve and Ordinary Least Squares models). The empirical results also show that the contracts are effective hedging instruments, leading to a reduction in risk of 64 %
HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES AS SUPPORT FOR METAL NANOPARTICLES FOR CATALYTIC APPLICATION
Halloysite (HNT) is a natural clay that, in the last years, has shown an important increasing on various applications
in different field of interesting.
Chemically similar to kaolin, it shows the predominately rolled shape, to form multilayers tubes of nanometric
dimensions.
The different chemical composition of the inside lumen (Al-OH) surface and outside (Si-O) give to the tubes a
partial negative charge outside and positive inside. In this way, it is possible to get different interactions of different
molecules or systems selectivity on one or another surface.
The selective functionalization, covalent or not, of the HNT lumen or outer surface, gives the possibility to the nanotubes
to further expand and modulate their properties, increasing the potential efficacy and the application fields.
Recently some studies are, also, focused on the edges and interlayer properties and potentials.
Among the countless applications of halloysite, is central the nanotube ability to interact with metals.
Metals ions are one of the worst pollutants in the environmental contest. Halloysite has shown interesting properties
as starting point to make environmental recovery system.
Another important application of the ability of HNT of interaction with metals is catalysis.
Catalyst immobilization is a good opportunity to obtain materials that can be recovered and reused for several
cycles with low leaching.
Several studies have been carried out on the use of ionic liquids as reaction media and as stabilizers for metal nanoparticles.
In particular, great attention has been devoted to the use of supported ionic liquid phase (SILP)-based
materials as heterogeneous recyclable palladium catalyst.
Herein are reported some recent developments about immobilization of metal nanoparticles on halloysite nanotubes
and studies about the materials and applications
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