Organik Koyun Yetiştiriciliği

Artan dünya nüfusuna paralel olarak artan gıda ihtiyacını karşılamak nedeniyle geçtiğimiz yüzyılın başlarında ortaya çıkan ve birim alandan daha çok verim elde etmeyi amaçlayan yoğun girdili üretim metotları günümüzde büyük sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Bozulan ekolojik denge, kirlenen çevre ve yoğun girdili üretimin neden olduğu sağlık problemleri kendini göstermeye başlamıştır. İşte bu gibi nedenlerle yeni bir üretim sistemine duyulan ihtiyaçtan ötürü ortaya çıkan ve hızla gelişmekte olan organik tarım, doğal kaynaklarımızla sürdürülebilir üretim yapmayı amaçlamıştır. Organik tarımın önemli bir kolu olan organik hayvansal üretim ise, dünyada organik bitkisel üretim kadar hızlı bir şekilde gelişmektedir. Ülkemizde henüz öncü yetiştiriciler tarafından uygulanan organik hayvansal üretim, üreticilerimizin dikkatini çekmeyi başardığı takdirde benimsenecek ve ülkemiz hayvancılığının içinde bulunduğu darboğazdan çıkışında lokomotif görevi üstlenecektir. Bu bağlamda ülkemizin iklim, arazi ve doğal koşullarında, yetiştiricilerimizin sosyo-ekonomik imkânları dâhilinde uygulanma potansiyeline sahip olan organik koyun yetiştiriciliği bu makalede ele alınacaktır

The role of oxidative stress genes and effect of pH on methylene blue sensitized photooxidation of Escherichia coli

In this study, the survival time of wild type E. coli W3110 and 11 mutants was analysed with a plate count method in methylene blue added or control groups under daylight fluoroscence illumination (4950 lux) at different pH values (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0) in phosphate buffer. As a result, while the number of bacteria did not decrease under photooxidative stress at pH 5.0 and 6.0 during a 6-hour incubation, the wild type and all mutants decreased more than 2 log. at pH 8.0, and approximately one log. at pH 7.0. It was determined that a 2 log decrease in wild type E. coli takes 3.7 h according to t99 value at pH 8, these values were 2.39 h in the katE mutant, 2.64 h in the soxR mutant, 2.67 h in the oxyR mutant, 2.71 h in the sodB mutant, 3 h in the btuE mutant, 3.38 h in the zwf mutant and 3.40 h in the soxS mutant, respectively (p < 0.05). The roles of these genes were proved with complement tests. Finally, it is found that the effectiveness of photooxidative stress is in direct relation with pH, and the katE, soxR, oxyR, sodB, btuE, zwf, and soxS genes are important for the protection against this stress

Resuscitation and quantification of stressed Escherichia coli K12 NCTC8797 in water samples

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact on numbers of using different media for the enumeration of Escherichia coli subjected to stress, and to evaluate the use of different resuscitation methods on bacterial numbers. E. coli was subjected to heat stress by exposure to 55 °C for 1 h or to light-induced oxidative stress by exposure to artificial light for up to 8 h in the presence of methylene blue. In both cases, the bacterial counts on selective media were below the limits of detection whereas on non-selective media colonies were still produced. After resuscitation in non-selective media, using a multi-well MPN resuscitation method or resuscitation on membrane filters, the bacterial counts on selective media matched those on non-selective media. Heat and light stress can affect the ability of E. coli to grow on selective media essential for the enumeration as indicator bacteria. A resuscitation method is essential for the recovery of these stressed bacteria in order to avoid underestimation of indicator bacteria numbers in water. There was no difference in resuscitation efficiency using the membrane filter and multi-well MPN methods. This study emphasises the need to use a resuscitation method if the numbers of indicator bacteria in water samples are not to be underestimated. False-negative results in the analysis of drinking water or natural bathing waters could have profound health effects

What Works, What Doesn’t, What’s Promising: Exploring the Role of Evidence-Based Policing

Evidence-based policing is determined by statistical evidence gathered after the implementation of a program. Instead of other policing strategies, this program is malleable, dependent on data and studies being conducted. Currently, police agencies operate under set conditions. The men and women who are on the job determine their own rhythm and discretionary guidelines, reacting to their own personal values as well as the culture of the community

Evidence Based Principles in Sociological Studies

Abstract In the first part of this study the general context of the principles regarding evidence based will be discussed in detail, following that based on Evidence Based Research the efficacy of the interventions will be discussed and tabulated. The study reveals some facts related following questions. How can replications of a particular sociological program improve our understanding of its effectiveness? What is meta-analysis? What are its strengths and weaknesses for synthesizing knowledge across evaluation studies? What techniques can be used to promote the quality of “real world” program replications? Do they ensure program success? How are evidence-based principles different from evidencebased programs? Do the two approaches complement each other

Göl Suyunda Escherichia coli’nin OmpC OmpF Proteinlerinin Sentezi Üzerine Sıcaklık, Mannitol ve Photooksidatif Stresin Etkisi, EnvZ ve Acp’ın Rolü

This study investigated the effects of photooxidative stress and mannitol on the synthesis of OmpC and OmpF porins of Escherichia coli in lake water. The synthesis of OmpF decreased independently of photooxidative stress, whereas the synthesis of OmpC decreased as a consequence of photooxidative stress in lake water. Thus, OmpC synthesis in E. coli was directly affected by photooxidative stress. Mutations in the envZ and pta genes had no effect on the control of OmpC and OmpF synthesis in E. coli under photooxidative stress in lake water. Mannitol is an antioxidant substance that provides protection from photooxidative stress. In this study, it was found that OmpF synthesis decreased independently of photooxidative stress in lake water, whereas decreases in OmpC synthesis were dependent on photooxidative stress in wild type E. coli. OmpC synthesis was regulated by photooxidative stress via an unknown mechanism.. Mannitol was also found to have a relationship with EnvZ in the control of porin synthesis.Bu çalışma göl suyunda Escherichia coli’nin OmpC ve OmpF porinlerinin sentezi üzerine fotooksidatif stres vemannitolün etkisini araştırmıştır. OmpF sentezi fotooksidatif stresden bağımsız bir şekilde azalırken, OmpCsentezi göl suyunda fotooksidatif stresin bir sonucu olarak azalmıştır. Bu nedenle E. coli’de OmpC sentezifotooksidatif stresden direkt olarak etkilenir. envZ ve pta genleri mutasyonların göl suyunda fotooksidatif stresaltında E. coli’de OmpC ve OmpF sentezinin kontrolü üzerine bir etkisi yoktur. Mannitol fotooksidatif stresdenkorumayı sağlayan bir antioksidant maddedir. Bu çalışmada OmpF sentezinin fotooksidatif stresden bağımsız birşekilde azaldığını ancak OmpC sentezindeki azalmanın yabani tip E. coli’de fotooksidatif stres bağımlı olduğubulunmuştur. OmpC sentezi bilinmeyen bir mekanizma ile fotooksidatif stres ile düzenlenmektedir. Mannitolporin sentezinin kontrolünde EnvZ ile bir ilişkiye sahiptir

Turner syndrome and associated problems in turkish children: A multicenter study

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population. Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014. Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosi) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%. Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespan. © Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology

Residential Time Spent and Homicide during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The United States has witnessed a significant upsurge in homicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic (NCHS, 2021). While multiple theories attempt to account for this increase, our study examines the impact of changes in human mobility resulting from stay-at-home and social distancing measures on variations in homicide incidents. We conducted a fixed-effects Poisson regression analysis using panel data that encompasses the day of the week and week collected from Chicago between February 2020 and July 2021. Our findings indicate that the increased time spent in residential settings due to stay-at-home orders is not a significant factor in explaining the rise in homicide numbers. Instead, our study suggests that the pandemic as a whole and its influence on individual strains provide a more plausible explanation for the increase in homicide incidence