The effect of financing and non-financing income on Islamic banks’ risk : evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of income structure on Islamic banks’ risk in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The main objective was to investigate whether a great reliance on non-financing income, and different types of non-financing income (Fees and Commission, Trading Income, and Other Income) impacts the riskiness of Islamic banks. Design/Methodology/Approach: A panel dataset of 16 Islamic banks from Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait during the period 2010 to 2016 were used to achieve the objectives of this study. Findings: The study found evidence that Islamic banks’ risks are decreased and stability is improved by non-financing income. In addition, the study found that components of nonfinancing income have different impacts on Islamic banks’ risk, where trading income and other income have decreased the Islamic banks’ risk. Islamic banks are found to be more focused on financing activities than non-financing activities (innovative activities). Practical Implications: These findings have important practical implications to Islamic banks in order to deal with non-financing income to boost their growth worldwide. Moreover, these findings have important implications for Islamic banks’ management. Originality/value: Testing the effect of income structure in the banking industry is still relatively needed. Furthermore, the Islamic banks literature has been largely ignored.peer-reviewe

Antimicrobial substances produced by bacteria isolated from different Jordanian sources that are active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

We report here the preliminary antimicrobial activity of substances produced by Bacillus subtilis NB-6 (air flora isolate), Bacillus megaterium NB-3 (air flora isolate), Burkholderia mallei NB-8 (water isolate)and Corynebacterium kutscheri NB-1 (soil isolate) against a number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The MRSA were isolated from sheep, bovine, camel and poultry meat samples collected from retails shops and slaughter houses located in Amman area, Jordan. B. mallei NB-8 and C. kutscheri NB-1 were found to possess a good antimicrobial activity against MRSA strains

Level of High Sensitivity in Reaction to Criticism among Gifted Students in Ajloun Governorate in Light of Some Variables

This study aims to explore the level of high sensitivity in response to criticism among gifted students in Ajloun Governorate, considering some variables such as gender, class, family educational level, and family economic level. To achieve its objectives, the researchers used a descriptive and analytical approach and utilized the high sensitivity scale developed by Alateaq in 2010, adapted to fit the Jordanian environment. The sample included 131 gifted students randomly selected from junior high to high school. The results showed that the level of high sensitivity was moderate. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of high sensitivity in response to criticism among the students in terms of gender and class variables. Furthermore, there were no differences based on the family educational and economic levels of the parents, except for some responses from students whose families had an income of 500 JOD or more. The study recommends implementing programs to address and provide the necessary consultation to help overcome the high sensitivity of these students

Perfectionism And Its Relationship To The Level Of Social Withdrawal Among A Sample Of Teenage Students In Jordan

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and the level of social withdrawal among a sample of teenage students in Jordan. The study sample consists of (300) male and female teens. The results of the study showed that the most perfectionist levels was norms dimension , then regulation dimension , in third level was ambivalence dimension . Moreover, the most socially withdrawn level was self-reliance , then in second level, it was avoidant withdrawal dimension , in third level, it was solitary withdrawal dimension , then anxious withdrawal dimension . The results also revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the level of perfectionism attributed to gender, grade and academic rate. In addition, there are differences in social withdrawal due to gender, grade and academic rate and the dimensions of perfectionism contribute approximately (35.8%) to social withdrawal among the sample

Indications for nephrectomy in children: A report on 119 cases

The objective of the study is to review the indications for nephrectomy in children. This study was conducted in the Division of Pediatric Surgery at the King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan, between the years 1997 and 2009. The medical records of 119 of 141 patients who underwent nephrectomy were reviewed. The patients included 67 males and 52 females, and their ages ranged from two months to 13 years. The study patients underwent simple or radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery during the 13-year period. They were studied with regard to gender, age, indication for nephrectomy, morbidity and mortality. The indications for nephrectomy were divided into benign and malignant conditions. Of the 119 nephrectomies performed, 49 patients (41.2%) had malignant conditions and 70 (58.8%) had a benign etiology. In the benign group, 23.5% of the patients underwent nephrectomy for complicated vesicoureteric reflux, urinary tract stones or infection (1.6%). Other conditions in this group included ureterocele, posterior urethral valve, etc. Benign conditions and ureterocele necessitating nephrectomy were predominant in female patients, while pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction was predominant in males. The malignant lesions necessitating nephrectomy included Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma. The over-all mortality rate was nil in the absence of malignancy. Obstructive nephropathy was the main cause of nephrectomy in this series, followed by malignancy of the kidney. It remains to be seen whether better management will reduce the incidence of nephrectomies in preventable cases. It is also important that children with a solitary functioning kidney have long-term follow-up

Equine laminitis basement membrane pathology: loss of type IV collagen, type VII collagen and laminin immunostaining.

Disintegration of the basement membrane (BM) of the equine hoof lamellae and failure of the BM to remain attached to the basal cells of the secondary epidermal lamellae (SEL) is one of the earliest pathological events to occur in acute laminitis. Changes in the lamellar basement membrane were investigated by immunolabelling the key structural components of the BM, type IV collagen, type VII collagen and laminin in the lamellar BM of horses 48 h after the induction of laminitis. Lamellar tissues were harvested from 2 normal horses and 2 horses with acute laminitis. Immunostaining with antibody raised against human epitopes for type IV collagen, type VII collagen and laminin successfully stained the basement membranes of horse hoof lamellar tissues. Vascular tissue did not immunostain with type VII collagen antibody. Normal BM stained as a fine dark brown line and the lamellar BM was adhered to the basal cells of the SELs with no evidence of lamellar separation. At least 2 changes to the lamellar BM occurred in acute laminitis: loss of attachment of lamellar epidermal basal cells to their underlying BM and disintegration of the lamellar BM. In some sections from feet affected by acute laminitis, there was widespread separation of the SELs from their BM without loss of BM immunostaining and in others there was extensive loss of BM immunostaining. In lesions characterised by lamellar separation, the epidermal basal cells at the tips of the primary epidermal lamellae appeared to have slipped away from their BM and were an amorphous clump of epidermal cells devoid of immunostained BM. The BM from which they had separated remained in its original position in the dermis and was clearly outlined by all 3 antibodies. In other areas, however, virtually all the BM immunoreactivity at the PEL tips was absent. Only the occasional distorted SEL tip and fragments of BM retained sufficient immunostaining to allow anatomical identification. Numerous polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) invariably surrounded the tips of lamellae showing large scale loss of immunoreactivity and many PMNs had penetrated the lamellar BM and were within the epidermal compartments. PMNs were less frequent in the midlamellar region. Immunostaining of the BM of many SELs was absent in the midlamellar region. In some lamellae loss of BM immunostaining had occurred only at the bases of the SELs and fragments of immunostained BM were present in the zones of lysed BM suggesting that BM lysis was incomplete at the time of tissue fixation. In other lamellae, lysis of the BM was complete; there was no immunostained BM between SELs and the bulk of the epidermal cells of each PEL were an amorphous column of cells on either side of the central keratinised axis of the PEL. The lamellar BM which remained appeared as immunostained strands of unattached BM along the edges of the PDLs. Activation of BM degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs) occurs in acute laminitis and it seems likely that uncontrolled MMP activity is responsible for the loss and disorganisation of lamellar BM demonstrated in this study

Evaluation of the clinical and analgesic effects of subarachnoid ketamine-lidocaine administration in goats undergoing mastectomy

Mousa Daradka, Zuhair Bani IsmailDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanAbstract: Twenty adult female goats affected with chronic mastitis were subjected to mastectomy or hemimastectomy under subarachnoid regional analgesia using a ketamine-lidocaine combination. Ketamine at 1.5 mg/kg and lidocaine hydrochloride at 1.25 mg/kg were administered intrathecally at the lumbosacral intervertebral space. Goats were then subjected to a 120-minute observation period for systemic or neurotoxic symptoms such as agitation, restlessness, hind limb paralysis, or seizures. In addition, analgesia of the caudal abdominal region and signs of systemic sedation were scored on a scale of 0–3. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were also recorded prior to (baseline values) and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration. Mastectomy or hemimastectomy operation was carried out after full assurance of the analgesic effect on the udder and caudal abdominal region. Time of onset of surgical analgesia (score 3) was achieved at 15 minutes and lasted for 60 minutes. Maximal sedation score was recorded at 15 minutes and lasted for 60 minutes, then decreased thereafter, with the lowest sedation score recorded at 120 minutes. There was a significant (P<0.05) rise in heart rate at some point between 5–90 minutes, while the respiratory rate and rectal temperature did not change significantly from baseline values. Postoperatively, animals did not show any signs of pain or discomfort. Follow-up on the operated goats showed that all wounds were fully healed without any significant complications. In goats, intrathecal administration of ketamine-lidocaine combination resulted in a safe and effective analgesia of the caudal abdominal and udder region sufficient to perform mastectomy or hemimastectomy.Keywords: analgesia, sedation, ruminants, mastectom

Hoof wall wound repair

Surgical stripping of the hoof wall results in a wound that heals remarkabley well. In contrast, lamellae recovering from laminitis are often deformed. Investigating lamellar wound healing may aid understanding of laminitis.To document temporal changes in the lamellar basement membrane (BM), dermis and epidermis after surgery.Wall strips were made in the dorsal hoof wall midline of 6 mature horses. Immunohistochemistry was used to document changes in the basement membrane (BM) and detect proliferation of epidermal cells in lamellar tissues harvested at intervals. A conforming metal plate was screwed to the hoof wall to maintain alignment of the wound edges.Wall stripping caused lamellar tips to snap and remain behind in the dermis along with the majority of the lamellar BM and some lamellar basal cells. Three days later the BM was intact and new lamellae had been reconstructed by proliferation of surviving epidermal cells. By 5 days the surface of the stripped zone was covered with yellow epidermis that subsequently thickened and hardened. Eventually the hoof wall deficit was replaced by new wall growing down from the coronet. The conforming metal plate and post operative analgesic ensured minimal lameness.In wall stripped lamellae the BM survives virtually intact and is used as a template for proliferating cells, from snapped-off lamellar tips, to migrate and quickly achieve repair to near normality. In laminitis epidermal dysadhesion and lamellar BM destruction occurs and lack of a functional BM template may explain the prolonged and abnormal repair of affected lamellae