Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Third Eyelid of Cat

Background: The third eyelid neoplasms are uncommon in cats. The squamous cell carcinoma are easily found in head and neck of same specie, although is unusual in eye region. The more commun localization is eyelid and eyeball, being 60 and 15%, respectively. It could bee diagnosed by citology, histopathology, imunohistochemistry and molecular biology. The surgery is more effective treatment, because the tumor can be totally removed and it must available surgical margin. The aim of this study was to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in third eyelid of a cat and show how it was treated with radical surgery. Case: A 11-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired white and black colored cat was presented for evaluation at Maria Dias Teixeira Hospital of Amazonia Federal Rural University (UFRA), of an red ocular mass fast growth in the left eye for 2 months. Physical exam was within normal limits. The animal presented discomfort on the region, when it was manipulated. The mass was ulcerated and blood-tinged ocular discharge, had 3.3 x 2 cm, beginning on third eyelid and overlay all the eyeball. Blood was collated to make exams. Complete blood count and serum chemistry profiles were within normal ranges, but leukocytes were increased and it was treated with Amoxicillin (22 mg/kg). It was performed biopsy to histopathology and immunohistochemistry diagnose, and radiography and ultrasonography to found metastasis. Ocular tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely for histological examination. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and diagnosed poorly differentiated Squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-cytokeratin 1:200, anti-vimentin 1:150 and anti-actin alpha smooth muscle 1:700 antibodies. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. In tumor stroma was immunostaining of myofibroblasts by actina alpha smooth muscle. Because of malignment and infiltrative neoplasm, it was chosen to perform eye and eyelid enucleation. At post-operative evaluation no complication was found and in tem days, surgical wound was held. Seven months post-operative no neoplastic tissue had growth on local. Discussion: A retrospective study at Belem and some close cities, which took all neoplasms and classified, found only 1.5% of ocular neoplasms, and no one was in cats. Similarly occurred with another study, that 1.21% out of ocular masses, just 12.5% was diagnosed in cats, showing how uncommon is ocular neoplasm in cats. Including theses lesions, less of then are only in third eyelid. Ultraviolet radiation is the most related probably causes of squamous cell carcinoma. At Belem City ultravioleta radiation is very high, can bee 11 in some stations, in a scale of 0 to 14, the medial temperature is 27ºC. Another factor that could influence squamous cell carcionoma progress is skin color, animals’ wich skin is light have more probably to develop this neoplasm. On our case, close to eye, skin was dark, although the carcinoma was growth at third eyelid mucosa, a local that have no protection to ultraviolet radiation. Myofibroblasts observed in the tumor stroma are important in the invasion process of this tumor in humans. The treatment used in this case was radical surgery, with no other adjuvant, what is indicate for some authors. Another authors prefer exscind only third eyelid, but sometimes it is not possible, because this kind of neoplasm is very infiltrate. The localization and the nodular form of squamous cell carcinoma found in this study is uncommon, mainly in cats. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were important for definitive diagnostic. The treatment by enucleation of eyeball and removing the eyelids was effective, without relapse in 7 months after surgery. Keywords: oncology, ophthalmology, ocular neoplasm, feline

Determinação de acesso cirúrgico para osteossíntese em membro torácico de Bradypus variegatus.

Ministério da Educação e Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaObjetivou-se com este trabalho a determinação dos acessos cirúrgicos para osteossíntese das diáfises do úmero, do rádio e da ulna da Bradypus variegatus. Foram utilizados 7 espécimes de B. variegatus que vierem a óbito por causas naturais, provenientes do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi localizado em Belém - PA, e doados ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal (LaPMA) da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA. Após a realização das radiografias, em três animais foram feitas a dissecção da artéria carótida comum para injeção de látex Neoprene corado com Suvinil Xadrez vermelho, os quais posteriormente foram fixados com o uso de solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Um animal foi submetido ao processo de maceração, e dois foram utilizados para dissecção logo após descongelamento. Os músculos do membro torácico foram identificados, assim como os vasos e nervos mais importantes, para determinação de acessos cirúrgicos adequados e melhor área óssea para fixação de implantes internos. Os músculos identificados no braço da B. variegatus foram: grande dorsal, coracobraquial, cabeça lateral do tríceps braquial, cabeça longa do tríceps braquial, tensor da fáscia antebraquial, braquiorradial, cabeça curta do bíceps braquial e cabeça longa do bíceps braquial. Já os músculos observados no antebraço foram: braquiorradial, extensor carporradial, extensor digital comum, extensor digital lateral, abdutor longo do primeiro dedo, extensor carpoulnar, pronador redondo, flexor carporradial, palmar longo, flexor digital profundo e flexor carpoulnar. Na B. variegatus, o acesso cirúrgico para a diáfise umeral pode ser realizado por abordagem lateral, a partir de incisão do m. tríceps braquial cabeça lateral, para fixação do implante na face lateral do osso. O acesso cirúrgico para a diáfise do rádio pode ser realizado por abordagem craniolateral, incisando-se a fáscia muscular e separação do m. extensor digital comum cranialmente, e extensor digital lateral caudalmente. E na ulna pode-se realizar uma abordagem caudal ao osso seguida de liberação da inserção do m. flexor carpoulnar para colocação do implante interno na face óssea lateral.The ohjective of this study was the determination of surgical accesses for osteosynthesis of the diaphyses of the humerus, radius and ulna ofBradypus variegates. Seven specimens of B. variegatus that died due to natural causes from the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi located in Belém - PA, were donated to the Animal Morphological Research Lahoratory (LaPMA) of the Federal Rural University of Amazônia (UFRA). After the radiographs were taken, three animais were submitted to dissection of the common carotid artery for the injection of Neoprene látex stained with Suvinil Red Chess, which were then fixed using a 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution. One animal was submitted to the maceration process, and two were used for dissection soon after thawing. The muscles of the thoracic limb were identified, as well as the most important vessels and nerves, for determination of adequate surgical accesses and better bone arca for fixation of internai implants. The muscles identified in the B. variegatus arm were: large dorsal, coracobrachial, lateral head of triceps brachii, long head of triceps brachii, tensor of forebrachial fascia, brachioradialis, short head of biceps brachii and long head of biceps brachii. The muscles observed in the forearm were: brachioradial, extensor, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, long abductor of the first finger, carpoulnar extensor, round pronator, flexor carpalradial, long palmar, deep digital flexor and flexor carpoulnar. In B. variegatus, surgical access to the humeral shaft can be performed by lateral approach, from the incision of m. triceps brachii lateral head, for fixation of the implant on the lateral side of the bone. Surgical access to the radius shaft can be performed by craniolateral approach, by incising the muscular fascia and separation of the cranially m. common digital extender, and lateral digital extender caudally. And in the ulna, a caudal approach to the bone can be performed followed by release of the insertion m. flexor carpoulnar for placement of the internai implant on the lateral bone face

Topografia do cone medular do sauim (Saguinus midas) Topography of the medullary cone in sauim (Saguinus midas)

Primata endêmico do Brasil, especificamente da floresta Amazônica, o Sauim alimentam-se de pequenos vertebrados, invertebrados, exudatos, flores, néctar, folhas e fungos, cuja morfologia é pouco conhecida. Assim, objetivou-se estabelecer parâmetros morfométricos e topográficos do cone medular dessa espécie, que sirvam de base para a prática das anestesias epidurais. Para tanto, foram avaliados quatro exemplares, provenientes da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). O Saguinus midas apresentou sete vértebras lombares e três vértebras sacrais. Após a dissecação do cone medular, registrou-se os aspectos anatômicos de interesse, enfatizando seu início (base) e seu término (ápice), que, após mensuração, revelou base em nível de L4 e ápice em S2, com comprimento médio de 5,38cm, o que leva a sugerir a região lombosacral como sendo a mais adequada para o desenvolvimento da prática de anestesias epidurais.Primate endemic to Brazil, specifically in the Amazon rainforest, the Sauim feed on small vertebrates, invertebrates, exudates, flowers, nectar, leaves and fungi whose morphology is poorly known. Thus, the objective was to establish morphometric parameters and topographical conus of this species, as a basis for the practice of epidural anesthesia. For this purpose, four samples were evaluated, from the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). The Saguinus midas had seven lumbar vertebrae and three sacral vertebrae. After dissection of the conus, we recorded the anatomy of interest, emphasizing its beginning (base) and its end (apex), revealed that after measuring the level of base peak in L4 and S2, with an average length of 5.38cm, which leads us to suggest the lumbosacral region as the most suitable for the development of the practice of epidural anesthesia

Skin reaction after administration of tetracycline in a dog- case report Carmina

As reações de hipersensibilidade causadas por fármacos são caracterizadas por lesões cutâneas, e algumas vezes associadas a sinais sistêmicas que acomete o homem e animais. O diagnóstico muitas vezes é difícil, devido à exposição a vários fármacos, entretanto, o exame histopatológico pode ser uma ferramenta útil nestes casos. O tratamento consiste na suspensão da medicação administrada, e nos casos mais graves, será necessária intervenção mais específica. Relata-se a ocorrência de uma reação cutânea em um canino, da raça dachshund, após administração por via intramuscular de antibiótico (Tetraciclina), no qual foi observado prurido intenso e edema em face, sendo lesões comuns nestes casos.Hypersensitivity reactions caused by drugs are characterized by cutaneous lesions, sometimes associated with systemic signs that affects humans and animals. The diagnosis is often difficult, due to exposure to various drugs, however, histopathologic examination can be a tool in these cases. Treatment consists of discontinuation of medication administered, and in severe cases, more specific intervention is required. We report the occurrence of a skin reaction in a canine breed dachshund, after intramuscular administration of an antibiotic, in which intense itching and edema of the face, lesions are common in these cases

O arco aórtico do sauim (Saguinus niger) e sua importância no processo de urbanização

The black tamarin (Saguinus niger) occurs in all states of Brazil, including large urban centers due to population growth. Considering that the practice of medicine and surgery on wild animals has become more prevalent in veterinary medicine, this work describes the aortic arch of S. niger with the goal of aiding emergency surgeries. Four animals were studied. Three individuals had an aortic arch like the arch described for domesticated animals, including the presence of a left subclavian artery and brachiocephalic artery. In one individual, the arrangement of the collateral branches of the aortic arch followed the pattern found in humans, including the presence of a brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Regardless of the initial configuration of the aortic arch of the black tamarin, the right subclavian, right vertebral, right internal thoracic, right costocervical and right superficial cervical arteries arose, sequentially, from the brachiocephalic artery. The branches formed by the left subclavian artery correlated with the right antimer.Distribuído geograficamente em todos os estados da Federação do Brasil, o sauim está presente em grandes centros urbanos devido ao aumento quantitativo desta espécie, e, tendo em vista que a prática médica e cirúrgica de animais selvagens está mais presente na medicina veterinária, visamos colaborar com o conhecimento da anatomia do arco aórtico e seus ramos colaterais, contribuindo no contexto de emergências médicas. Foram estudados quatro animais, sendo que três indivíduos apresentaram arquitetura do arco aórtico similar ao descrito nos mamíferos domésticos, com presença da artéria subclávia esquerda e artéria braquiocefálica, e em um animal a disposição dos ramos colaterais do arco aórtico seguiu o padrão encontrado em humanos, com a presença da artéria braquiocefálica, artéria carótida comum esquerda e artéria subclávia esquerda. Independentemente da configuração inicial do arco aórtico do sauim, da artéria braquiocefálica surgiram sequencialmente as artérias subclávia direita, vertebral direita, torácica interna direita, costocervical direita e cervical superficial direita. A artéria subclávia esquerda originou os mesmos ramos correlatos com o antímero direito

The aortic arch of the black tamarin (Saguinus niger) and its importance in relation to urbanization

The black tamarin (Saguinus niger) occurs in all states of Brazil, including large urban centers due to population growth. Considering that the practice of medicine and surgery on wild animals has become more prevalent in veterinary medicine, this work describes the aortic arch of S. niger with the goal of aiding emergency surgeries. Four animals were studied. Three individuals had an aortic arch like the arch described for domesticated animals, including the presence of a left subclavian artery and brachiocephalic artery. In one individual, the arrangement of the collateral branches of the aortic arch followed the pattern found in humans, including the presence of a brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. Regardless of the initial configuration of the aortic arch of the black tamarin, the right subclavian, right vertebral, right internal thoracic, right costocervical and right superficial cervical arteries arose, sequentially, from the brachiocephalic artery. The branches formed by the left subclavian artery correlated with the right antimer

Morphological description of the male reproductive system of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)

Innumerable species of wild animals have not yet been described anatomically. The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), a wild cat with ample geographic distribution, is an example of this. With the aim of describing the morphology of this animal, we studied the reproductive system of a young male taken from the area of Mina de Bauxita Paragominas/PA – Vale do Rio Doce, that was donated post mortem to the Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal (ISPA) of the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). The animal was fixed with formaldehyde 10% and kept in this same solution until the dissection of system under study. The masculine reproductive organs of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) are represented by: a pair of testis; an epididymis consisting of a head, body and tail; accessory genital glands, i.e. prostate and bulbourethral glands; a masculine urethra and penis

Descrição morfológica do sistema reprodutor masculino de jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis)

Innumerable species of wild animals have not yet been described anatomically. The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis),a wild cat with ample geographic distribution, is an example of this. With the aim of describing the morphology of this animal, we studied the reproductive system of a young male taken from the area of Mina de Bauxita Paragominas/PA - Vale do Rio Doce, that was donated post mortem to the Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal (ISPA) of the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). The animal was fi xed with formaldehyde 10%and kept in this same solution until the dissection of system under study. The masculine reproductive organs ofthe ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) are represented by: a pair of testis; an epididymis consisting of a head, body andtail; accessory genital glands, i.e. prostate and bulbourethral glands; a masculine urethra and penis.http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2010v23n4p83Inúmeras espécies de animais silvestres ainda não foram descritas anatomicamente. A jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis), um felino com ampla distribuição geográfica é um exemplo disso. Com o objetivo de descrever sobre a morfologia deste animal, estudou-se o sistema reprodutor masculino de dois exemplares machos, jovens, provenientes da área de Mina Bauxita Paragominas/PA - Vale/S.A., doado ao Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal (ISPA), da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). O animal foi fixado com formol 10% e mantido nesta mesma solução até a dissecação do sistema em estudo. Os órgãos reprodutores masculinos da jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) estão representados por: um par de testículos; um par de epidídimos, compostos de cabeça, corpo e cauda; pelas glândulas genitais acessórias, sendo elas próstata e as glândulas bulbo uretrais; pela uretra e o pênis

Mesenchymal stem cells in dogs with demyelinating leukoencephalitis as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasil (Finance Code 001).Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.University of São Paulo. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. Department of Surgery. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of São Paulo. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Microbiology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of São Paulo. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Microbiology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of São Paulo. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Microbiology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Researchers have used dogs with neurological sequelae caused by distemper as an experimental model for multiple sclerosis, owing to the similarities of the neuropathological changes between distemper virus-induced demyelinating leukoencephalitis and multiple sclerosis in humans. However, little is known about the role of mesenchymal stem cells in treating such clinical conditions. Therefore, we investigated the use of mesenchymal stem cells in four dogs with neurological lesions caused by the distemper virus. During the first year after cellular therapy, the animals did not demonstrate significant changes in their locomotive abilities. However, the intense (Grade V) myoclonus in three animals was reduced to a moderate (Grade IV) level. At one year after the mesenchymal stem cell infusions, three animals regained functional ambulation (Grade I), and all four dogs started to move independently (Grades I and II). In two animals, the myoclonic severity had become mild (Grade III). It was concluded that the use of mesenchymal stem cells could improve the quality of life of dogs with neurological sequelae caused by canine distemper, thus presenting hope for similar positive results in human patients with multiple sclerosis