Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods

Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods. This study aimed to assess the abundance and diversity of Dryininae in riparian vegetation, Brazilian savannah, and savannah woodland vegetation at the Estação Ecológica de Jataí, in Luiz Antônio, State of São Paulo, Brazil, by using Moericke, Malaise, and light traps. The sampling was carried out from December 2006 to November 2009, and 371 specimens of Dryininae were caught, with the highest frequencies in spring and summer. Fourteen species of Dryinus Latreille, 1804 and one of Thaumatodryinus Perkins, 1905 were identified. The highest frequencies of Dryinus in the riparian vegetation differed significantly from those obtained in the Brazilian savannah and savannah woodland vegetation. In the riparian vegetation, the highest number of Dryinus was collected using light traps and the interactions between abundance and the collection method used were significant. The number of specimens of Dryinus collected in the Brazilian savannah and savannah woodland vegetation using Malaise traps did not differ significantly from those obtained using Moericke traps. Males significantly outnumbered females in the sex ratio of Dryinus. The species diversity of Dryinus based on females collected using Malaise traps was high in the Brazilian savannah. Furthermore, high species richness of female Dryinus was observed in riparian vegetation (six species) and Brazilian savannah (five). The light trap was the most successful method for sampling diversity of Dryininae

Dryinidae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) da estação ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP, Brasil

This study aimed to identify the species of Dryinidae in three phytophysiognomies of the Estação Ecológica do Jataí in Luiz Antonio county, Sao Paulo State, Brazil and assess their abundance, population dynamics and collection methodologies. Sampling of Hymenoptera was fortnightly, between December 2006 and November 2009, in areas of Brazilian savannah, riparian vegetation and savannah woodland. In each area were installed two Malaise traps and two sets of five Moericke traps; in riparian vegetation were installed two light traps, between November 2007 and November 2009. The count data Dryinidae included the effect of year of collection, sex, and method of collection; the count data of Dryinidae over time were analyzed using a logistic model as measures in time by using PROC GENMOD. The diversity of Dryininae species caught by using Malaise traps was compared through rarefaction curves, obtained by bootstrapping with resampling. Were obtained 1721 exemplars of Dryinidae from five subfamilies: Aphelopinae (873 exemplars; 50.7% of the total), Dryininae (371; 21.6%), Anteoninae (300; 17.4%), Gonatopodinae (159; 92%), and Bocchinae (18; 1.0%). In the overall population, the increase of Dryinidae occurred from September; significant differences were observed between the abundances of Dryinidae collected in 2007 and 2008 and in 2008 and 2009. From Aphelopinae were identified Aphelopus Dalman (858 exemplars / 98.3 % of the total collected) and Crovettia Olmi (15 / 1.7 %); the highest frequencies of Aphelopinae were recorded in the spring and summer of 2008 and 2009 and, significant differences were observed at the three years; the interaction between males and females of Aphelopus differed significantly with deviation for males; Aphelopinae was more abundant in riparian vegetation, with significant differences between their abundances in riparian vegetation and Brazilian savannah and savannah ...O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os Dryinidae de três fitofisionomias da Estação Ecológica do Jataí, em Luiz Antonio, SP, Brasil e avaliar sua flutuação populacional e metodologias de coleta. A amostragem foi quinzenal, entre dezembro de 2006 e novembro de 2009, em áreas de cerrado strictu sensu, cerradão e mata ciliar. Em cada área foram instaladas duas armadilhas Malaise e dois conjuntos de cinco armadilhas de Moericke; na mata ciliar também foram instaladas duas armadilhas luminosas, entre novembro de 2007 e novembro de 2009. A análise dos dados incluiu os efeitos de ano de coleta, sexo e método de coleta; os dados de contagem ao longo do tempo foram analisados pelo modelo logístico como medidas no tempo pelo PROC GENMOD. A diversidade dos Dryininae coletados com armadilhas de Malaise foi comparada através de curvas de rarefação (bootstrap) com reamostragem. Foram coletados 1721 exemplares de Dryinidae, das subfamílias Aphelopinae (873 exemplares / 50,7% do total), Dryininae (371 / 21,6%), Anteoninae (300 / 17,4%), Gonatopodinae (159 / 9,2%) e Bocchinae (18 / 1,0%). Em geral o aumento das populações de Dryinidae ocorreu a partir de setembro; foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as abundâncias de Dryinidae coletados em 2007 e 2008 e em 2008 e 2009. De Aphelopinae foram identificados Aphelopus Dalman (858 exemplares / 98,3% do total coletado) e Crovettia Olmi (15 / 1,7%); as maiores frequências de Aphelopinae foram registradas na primavera e no verão de 2008 e 2009, com diferença significativa nos três anos amostrados; a interação entre machos e fêmeas de Aphelopus diferiu significativamente com desvio para machos; Aphelopinae foi mais abundante na mata ciliar, com diferenças significativas entre suas abundâncias na mata ciliar e cerrado e cerradão; Aphelopus e Crovettia foram registrados nas três fitofisionomias estudadas e foram mais abundantes ..

Bracon zuleideae Perioto & Lara (Hymenoptera, Braconidae): seed predation potential, expansion of the geographic distribution and new data on host plant phenology

Here, by the first time, was quantified the predation of seeds of Protium ovatum Engl. (Burseraceae) by Bracon zuleideae Perioto & Lara (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a phytophagous seed eater, in Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, located in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. B. zuleideae is now mentioned for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which extends its geographical distribution about 900 km north of its type locality, its only previous record, and new data about host plant phenology are provided.A predação de sementes de Protium ovatum Engl. (Burseraceae) por Bracon zuleideae Perioto & Lara (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) foi quantificada pela primeira vez no Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. A distribuição geográfica de B. zuleideae é estendida para o Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, a cerca de 900 km ao norte da localidade tipo, o único registro anterior, e novos dados sobre a fenologia da planta hospedeira são fornecidos

Sampling and Diversity of Hymenoptera (Insecta) in an Orange Orchard/Brazilian Savannah Fragment Interface

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de himenópteros de uma interface cultura de citros/fragmento de Cerrado em Descalvado, SP, Brasil, através do uso de armadilhas de Moericke, de Malaise e de pitfall. As amostragens ocorreram entre fevereiro e junho de 2006, quando foram obtidos 5.148 exemplares de himenópteros pertencentes a 12 superfamílias e 36 famílias: Chalcidoidea (1.885 exemplares; 36,6% do total; 14 famílias), Ichneumonoidea (715; 13,9%; 2), Vespoidea (554; 10,8%; 5), Apoidea (444; 8,6%; 2), Diaprioidea (430; 8,4%; 2), Chrysidoidea (366; 7,1%; 3), Platygastroidea (340; 6,6%; 2), Ceraphronoidea (211; 4,1%; 2), Cynipoidea (107; 2,1%; 1), Evanioidea (83; 1,6%; 1), Tenthredinoidea (7; 0,1%; 1) e Trigonaloidea (6; 0,1%; 1). As armadilhas de Moericke e de Malaise instaladas no fragmento de Cerrado capturaram o maior número de exemplares de himenópteros (2.158 exemplares; 41,9% do total coletado e 1.739; 33,8%, respectivamente), seguidas pelas de Moericke instaladas na cultura de citros (1.123; 21,8%) e pitfall (128; 2,5%). Os resultados obtidos indicam que a diversidade de famílias de himenópteros no fragmento de Cerrado é maior do que na cultura de citros e expressa a maior diversidade de hospedeiros existente naquele ambiente. O uso combinado de diferentes tipos de armadilhas possibilitou a captura de maior diversidade de grupos de himenópterosThe aim of this work was to assess the diversity of Hymenoptera in an orange orchard / Brazilian Savannah fragment interface in Descalvado, State of São Paulo, Brazil, using Moericke, Malaise and pitfall traps. The sampling was carried out from February to June 2006, when 5,148 specimens of Hymenoptera, from 12 superfamilies and 36 families, were caught: Chalcidoidea (1,885 specimens; 36.6% out of the total; 14 families), Ichneumonoidea (715; 13.9%; 2), Vespoidea (554; 10.8%; 5), Apoidea (444; 8.6%; 2), Diaprioidea(430; 8.4%; 2), Chrysidoidea (366; 7.1%; 3), Platygastroidea (340; 6.6%; 2), Ceraphronoidea (211; 4.1%; 2), Cynipoidea (107; 2.1%; 1), Evanioidea (83; 1.6%; 1), Tenthredinoidea (7; 0.1%; 1) and Trigonaloidea (6; 0.1%; 1). The Moericke and Malaise traps installed in the Brazilian Savannah fragment were responsible for capturing the highest number of Hymenoptera (2,158 specimens; 41.9% out of the total collected and 1,739; 33.8%, respectively), followed by the Moericke traps placed in the orange orchard (1,123; 21.8%) and by the pitfall traps (128; 2.5%). The results indicate that the diversity of families of Hymenoptera in the Brazilian Savannah fragment is greater than in the culture of citrus and expresses the greatest diversity of hosts existing in that environment. The study made clear that the combined use of different kinds of traps allows the capture of a large diversity of Hymenopter

Lepidopterans and their parasitoids on okra plants in Riberao Preto (SP, Brazil)

The aim of this study was to identify the defoliating lepidopterans and their parasitoids occurring on okra plants in the district of Riberao Preto city (SP. Brazil). Caterpillars were collected by hand from an experimental field of okra, in March and April, 2009. They were placed individually on Petri dishes lined with wet filter paper, containing shredded okra leaves, and kept in a climactic chamber (25 +/- 1 degrees C, 12:12h light/dark photoperiod, RH 70 +/- 10%) until the emergence of lepidopterans and/or parasitoids. In all, 63 lepidopterans were obtained: three species of Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker); one of Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart), and an unidentified species of Tortricidae. One unidentified tachinid fly (Diptera) and the Hymenoptera parasitoids Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) (Encyrtidae) and Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae) emerged from A. flava, while C. floridanum and an unidentified tachinid, from P. includens. This is the first report of an association between the herbivores S. frugiperda, P. includens and A. monuste orceis, the parasitoids C. floridanum and Euplectrus sp. on okra plants.Este estudo objetivou identificar lepidópteros desfolhadores e seus parasitoides em cultura de quiabo em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. As lagartas foram coletadas através de catação manual entre março e abril de 2009, individualizadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido contendo pedaços de folhas de quiabo e mantidas sob condições controladas (25±1°C, 12 horas de fotofase, 70±10% de UR) até a obtenção dos adultos de lepidópteros e/ou de seus parasitoides. Foram obtidos 63 adultos de lepidópteros: três espécies de Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), uma de Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) e uma de Tortricidae não identificada. Uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo (Diptera) e os Hymenoptera parasitoides Copidosoma floridanum Westwood (Encyrtidae), Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae) emergiram de A. flava e, C. floridanum e uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo, de P. includens. Este é o primeiro relato da associação entre S. frugiperda, P. includens e A. monuste orceis e seus parasitoides C. floridanum e Euplectrus sp. em plantas de quiabo.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP