Radiation-Induced Error Criticality in Modern HPC Parallel Accelerators

In this paper, we evaluate the error criticality of radiation-induced errors on modern High-Performance Computing (HPC) accelerators (Intel Xeon Phi and NVIDIA K40) through a dedicated set of metrics. We show that, as long as imprecise computing is concerned, the simple mismatch detection is not sufficient to evaluate and compare the radiation sensitivity of HPC devices and algorithms. Our analysis quantifies and qualifies radiation effects on applications’ output correlating the number of corrupted elements with their spatial locality. Also, we provide the mean relative error (dataset-wise) to evaluate radiation-induced error magnitude. We apply the selected metrics to experimental results obtained in various radiation test campaigns for a total of more than 400 hours of beam time per device. The amount of data we gathered allows us to evaluate the error criticality of a representative set of algorithms from HPC suites. Additionally, based on the characteristics of the tested algorithms, we draw generic reliability conclusions for broader classes of codes. We show that arithmetic operations are less critical for the K40, while Xeon Phi is more reliable when executing particles interactions solved through Finite Difference Methods. Finally, iterative stencil operations seem the most reliable on both architectures.This work was supported by the STIC-AmSud/CAPES scientific cooperation program under the EnergySFE research project grant 99999.007556/2015-02, EU H2020 Programme, and MCTI/RNP-Brazil under the HPC4E Project, grant agreement n° 689772. Tested K40 boards were donated thanks to Steve Keckler, Timothy Tsai, and Siva Hari from NVIDIA.Postprint (author's final draft

Understanding the Impact of Cutting in Quantum Circuits Reliability to Transient Faults

Quantum Computing is a highly promising new computation paradigm. Unfortunately, quantum bits (qubits) are extremely fragile and their state can be gradually or suddenly modified by intrinsic noise or external perturbation. In this paper, we target the sensitivity of quantum circuits to radiation-induced transient faults. We consider quantum circuit cuts that split the circuit into smaller independent portions, and understand how faults propagate in each portion. As we show, the cuts have different vulnerabilities, and our methodology successfully identifies the circuit portion that is more likely to contribute to the overall circuit error rate. Our evaluation shows that a circuit cut can have a 4.6x higher probability than the other cuts, when corrupted, to modify the circuit output. Our study, identifying the most critical cuts, moves towards the possibility of implementing a selective hardening for quantum circuits

Os limites seculares a uma teoria contemporânea: a propriedade privada e o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável

Nesse artigo apresentamos a teoria do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável apontando sua origem e alguns de seus pilares. Depois de exposta a teoria do DTS expomos uma crítica partindo da relação entre o regime da propriedade e o caráter da instituição governamental. Mais ainda, como a teoria do DTS se aventura a defender as culturas locais, demonstramos a relação entre a objetividade e a subjetividade do ser-humano e como isso se inscreve como um problema à teoria. Não obstante, apresentamos uma compreensão de indicação geográfica por vezes negligenciada entre autores das teorias do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável. Nela, nossa contribuição vai justamente por atacar aquilo que as teorias do DTS não atacam, o controle público sobre a propriedade

QuFI: a Quantum Fault Injector to Measure the Reliability of Qubits and Quantum Circuits

Quantum computing is a new technology that is expected to revolutionize the computation paradigm in the next few years. Qubits exploit the quantum physics proprieties to increase the parallelism and speed of computation. Unfortunately, besides being intrinsically noisy, qubits have also been shown to be highly susceptible to external sources of faults, such as ionizing radiation. The latest discoveries highlight a much higher radiation sensitivity of qubits than traditional transistors and identify a much more complex fault model than bit-flip. We propose a framework to identify the quantum circuits sensitivity to radiation-induced faults and the probability for a fault in a qubit to propagate to the output. Based on the latest studies and radiation experiments performed on real quantum machines, we model the transient faults in a qubit as a phase shift with a parametrized magnitude. Additionally, our framework can inject multiple qubit faults, tuning the phase shift magnitude based on the proximity of the qubit to the particle strike location. As we show in the paper, the proposed fault injector is highly flexible, and it can be used on both quantum circuit simulators and real quantum machines. We report the finding of more than 285M injections on the Qiskit simulator and 53K injections on real IBM machines. We consider three quantum algorithms and identify the faults and qubits that are more likely to impact the output. We also consider the fault propagation dependence on the circuit scale, showing that the reliability profile for some quantum algorithms is scale-dependent, with increased impact from radiation-induced faults as we increase the number of qubits. Finally, we also consider multi qubits faults, showing that they are much more critical than single faults. The fault injector and the data presented in this paper are available in a public repository to allow further analysis

Balanço energético de um incinerador de leito fixo para incineração de resíduos sólidos da indústria coureiro-calçadista

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Avaliação agronômica de seis forrageiras perenes subtropicais no Planalto Norte Catarinense

The genotypes Axonopus catharinensis (two origins), Hemarthria altssima (cvs. Florida and Empasc 302), Cynodon sp. cv. Tifon-85 and Paspalum notatum (Pensacola) were evaluated in the spring-summer period in the years of 2006/07 and 2007/08. There were interactons between genotypes and years of evaluaton. In the interval of cuts evaluated, consideringproducton of dry mater (DM) and covering of the ground, the two origins of Axonopus catharinensis (11,000kg/ha DM) and Hemarthria altssima cv. Florida (10,700kg/ha DM) indicated adaptaton to the conditons of the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state.Foram avaliados os genótpos Axonopus catharinensis (duas procedências), Hemarthria altssima (cv. Flórida e cv. Empasc 302), Cynodon sp cv. Tifon-85 e Paspalum notatum var. Pensacola na primavera-verão de 2006/07 e de 2007/08. Houve interação entre genótpos e anos de avaliação. No intervalo de cortes avaliado, considerando-se produção de massa seca (MS) e manutenção da porcentagem de cobertura do solo, as duas procedências de Axonopus catharinensis, com produção média de MS de 11.000kg/ha, e a Hemarthria altssima cv. Flórida, com 10.700kg/ha, indicaram adaptação às condições edafoclimátcas do Planalto Norte Catarinense

O impacto da participação dos pais no processo terapêutico psicanalítico da criança

Na psicoterapia psicanalítica de crianças, a forma como os pais ou responsáveis são incluídos e participam do processo não é um fator aleatório ou indiferente. A literatura é restrita e inconclusiva a respeito da abordagem a ser seguida. Nosso objetivo foi analisar o impacto da participação dos pais no processo terapêutico de uma criança em idade escolar, levada para tratamento por problemas de comportamento e relacionamento na escola. Realizamos um estudo naturalístico, descritivo, longitudinal, baseado no método de Estudo de Caso Sistemático. A psicoterapia teve 160 sessões com o paciente e 25 entrevistas com os pais. Constatamos que as entrevistas com os pais produziram um efeito no processo terapêutico, identificado nas sessões posteriores às entrevistas, tanto na terapeuta como na criança. Concluímos que o estado psicopatológico da criança, a dinâmica familiar, as características e experiência da terapeuta são fatores importantes e capazes de contribuir para diferentes efeitos, conforme o caso.In child psychoanalytic psychotherapy, including parents or guardians in the process is not a random or indifferent factor. The literature is restricted and not conclusive regarding the approach to be followed. Our aim was to analyze the impact of parental participation in the therapeutic process of a school-age child, who began psychotherapy because he presented behavioral problems and relationship difficulties in school. We performed a naturalistic, descriptive, longitudinal study that followed the Systematic Case Study method. The psychotherapy lasted for 160 sessions with the patient and 25 interviews with the parents. We identified that the interviews with the parents had an effect on the therapeutic process, observable in the sessions after these interviews, both in the therapist and in the child. We conclude that the psychopathological state of the child, the family dynamics, therapist's characteristics and experience are important factors and capable of contributing to different effects, in each case

Entendendo e combatendo a obesidade em crianças e adolescentes

Considerando a preocupação com as consequências da alimentação contemporânea na saúde dos jovens na etapa atual e na vida futura, este artigo objetiva aumentar a compreensão e discutir aspectos associados ao sobrepeso e a obesidade nas primeiras etapas da vida. O artigo aborda a deseducação alimentar que se inicia no desmame e discute o estereótipo de que os “bebezões” são os mais saudáveis; além disso, explica como a televisão e a falta de atividade física, entre outros aspectos, podem contribuir como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade. Por fim, este artigo fornece orientações para os pais e educadores com vistas à prevenção e tratamento do sobrepeso e da obesidade entre os jovens, com foco nos hábitos alimentares e na prática de atividade física

Does high-velocity resistance exercise elicit greater physical function benefits than traditional resistance exercise in older adults? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 79 trials

Background A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. Methods CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥ 60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. Results Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD −0.76, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD −0.74, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). Conclusion Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be individualized to address the specific functional needs of participants

Geoprocessing and prevalence of incomplete prenatal booklets and gestational diabetes screening in a southern Brazilian University Hospital

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of an incomplete prenatal booklet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening of postpartum women in a southern Brazilian University Hospital, relating to the municipality of origin and the neighborhood in which they live. Methods: cross-sectional study, including 283 postpartum women, aged over 18 years and who had their births at the University Hospital of Santa Maria/Brazil from January to April 2015. An incomplete prenatal booklet was defined in the absence of any data referring to the obstetric history and the current pregnancy, as well as the lack of identification of the pregnant woman and the Health Unit where prenatal care was performed. For GDM screening, information on fasting blood glucose and risk factors collected from the postpartum women was used. The SPSS 20.0 program was used for descriptive statistics and the Geolocation maps were separated by municipalities of origin and by neighborhoods where the prenatal care of the puerperal women occurred and plotted according to the variables evaluated, using the ArcGIS 10.3 software. Results: the prevalence of an incomplete prenatal booklet was 79.2%, while prevalence of positive GDM screening was 73.9%. The geolocation pointed out 14 municipalities of origin and six neighborhoods where prenatal care had the highest prevalence of incomplete prenatal booklets. For GDM screening, spatial distribution showed ten municipalities of origin and four neighborhoods with a higher prevalence of positive screening for GDM. Conclusion: the geolocation showed that 14 municipalities of origin and six neighborhoods had the highest prevalence of incomplete prenatal booklets. In addition, ten municipalities of origin and four neighborhoods presented with higher prevalence of positive screening for GDM