Revisión del género Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) en Chile

The genus Pseudognaphalium is one of the largest genera of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) with about 90 species with worldwide distribution. The vast majority of species are found in South, Central and North America, but some species also occur in Asia and Africa. This work includes the revision of 12 species of Pseudognaphalium from Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum, and P. viravira. A key is provided for their identification, as well as morphological description, illustration, geographic distribution and habitat, distribution maps, phenology, additional material examined, distinguishing characters and taxonomic affinities for each taxon. The new combination Pseudognaphalium cabrerae (S.E. Freire) S.E. Freire, N. Bayón, C. Baeza, Giuliano & C. Monti, is proposed. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, with P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri with P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum with P. gayanum; P. glandulosum with P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, with P. viravira. Lectotypes are newly designated for Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, and G. viravira. A neotype is designated for G. psilophyllum.El género Pseudognaphalium, con cerca de 90 especies de distribución cosmopolita, es uno de los géneros de la tribu Gnaphalieae con mayor número de especies, principalmente distribuidas en América del Sur, Central y del Norte, aunque algunas también están presentes en Asia y África. Este trabajo comprende la revisión de 12 especies de Pseudognaphalium para Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum y P. viravira. Se incluye una clave para identificarlas y para cada una de las especies se brinda descripción, ilustración, fenología, distribución geográfica y hábitat, mapa de distribución, material adicional examinado y afinidades taxonómicas. Sobre la base del estudio de los materiales tipo, se establecen los siguientes nuevos sinónimos: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, con P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri con P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum, con P. gayanum; P. glandulosum con P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, con P. viravira; se designan lectotipos para las siguientes especies: Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, G. viravira y se designa el neotipo para G. psilophyllum.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Dynamics of novel photoactive AgCl microstars and their environmental applications

In the field of micromotors many efforts have been taken to find a substitute for peroxide as fuel. While most approaches turn towards other toxic high energy chemicals such as hydrazine, we introduce here an energy source that is widely used in nature: light. Light is an ideal source of energy and some materials, such as AgCl, have the inherent property to transform light energy for chemical processes, which can be used to achieve propulsion. In the case of silver chloride, one process observed after light exposure is surface modification, which leads to the release of ions, generating chemo-osmotic gradients. Here we present endeavors to use those processes to propel uniquely shaped micro-objects of microstar morphology with a high surfaceto- volume ratio, study their dynamics and present approaches to go towards real environmental applications

El valor de los metadatos para las estaciones de recuperación de recursos del agua

Los metadatos hacen referencia a información descriptiva (como ubicación del sensor, unidad de medida, rango de medida, fecha de calibración, fecha de limpieza, si ocurrió algún evento como episodio de lluvia/fallo operativo/vertido tóxico ) que es esencial para convertir los grandes volúmenes de datos que se recogen actualmente en las instalaciones de tratamiento de agua y que están sin procesar en información y recursos útiles. Con el avance de la digitalización en el sector del agua, es fundamental evitar los cementerios de datos y, por otro lado, utilizar los datos almacenados para resolver problemas actuales y futuros. Este artículo se centra en el papel crucial que tienen los metadatos para responder a desafíos futuros y posiblemente impredecibles. El objetivo de este documento es presentar el 'reto de los metadatos' y destacar la necesidad de tener en cuenta los metadatos cuando se recoge información como parte de las buenas prácticas de digitalización. Metadata refers to descriptive information (such as sensor location, measurement unit, measurement range, calibration date, cleaning date, if any event occurred such as rain event/operating failure/toxic spill, ) essential to convert large volumes of raw data that are currently collected at water treatment facilities into useful information and resources. With the advance of digitalization in the water sector, it is fundamental to avoid data graveyards and, on the other hand, using collected data to address current and future problems. This paper focuses on the crucial role that metadata has in responding to future and possibly unpredictable challenges. The aim of this document is to present the 'metadata challenge' and to highlight the need to consider metadata when collecting information as part of good digitalization practices

Magnetic-Responsive Release Controlled by Hot Spot Effect

Magnetically triggered drug delivery nanodevices have attracted great attention in nanomedicine, as they can feature as smart carriers releasing their payload at clinician's will. The key principle of these devices is based on the properties of magnetic cores to generate thermal energy in the presence of an alternating magnetic field. Then, the temperature increase triggers the drug release. Despite this potential, the rapid heat dissipation in living tissues is a serious hindrance for their clinical application. It is hypothesized that magnetic cores could act as hot spots, this is, produce enough heat to trigger the release without the necessity to increase the global temperature. Herein, a nanocarrier has been designed to respond when the temperature reaches 43 degrees C. This material has been able to release its payload under an alternating magnetic field without the need of increasing the global temperature of the environment, proving the efficacy of the hot spot mechanism in magnetic-responsive drug delivery devices

Revisión del género Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) en Chile

The genus Pseudognaphalium is one of the largest genera of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) with about 90 species with worldwide distribution. The vast majority of species are found in South, Central and North America, but some species also occur in Asia and Africa. This work includes the revision of 12 species of Pseudognaphalium from Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum, and P. viravira. A key is provided for their identification, as well as morphological description, illustration, geographic distribution and habitat, distribution maps, phenology, additional material examined, distinguishing characters and taxonomic affinities for each taxon. The new combination Pseudognaphalium cabrerae (S.E. Freire) S.E. Freire, N. Bayón, C. Baeza, Giuliano & C. Monti, is proposed. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, with P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri with P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum with P. gayanum; P. glandulosum with P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, with P. viravira. Lectotypes are newly designated for Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, and G. viravira. A neotype is designated for G. psilophyllum.El género Pseudognaphalium, con cerca de 90 especies de distribución cosmopolita, es uno de los géneros de la tribu Gnaphalieae con mayor número de especies, principalmente distribuidas en América del Sur, Central y del Norte, aunque algunas también están presentes en Asia y África. Este trabajo comprende la revisión de 12 especies de Pseudognaphalium para Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum y P. viravira. Se incluye una clave para identificarlas y para cada una de las especies se brinda descripción, ilustración, fenología, distribución geográfica y hábitat, mapa de distribución, material adicional examinado y afinidades taxonómicas. Sobre la base del estudio de los materiales tipo, se establecen los siguientes nuevos sinónimos: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, con P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri con P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum, con P. gayanum; P. glandulosum con P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, con P. viravira; se designan lectotipos para las siguientes especies: Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, G. viravira y se designa el neotipo para G. psilophyllum.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Revisión del género Pseudognaphalium (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) en Chile

The genus Pseudognaphalium is one of the largest genera of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) with about 90 species with worldwide distribution. The vast majority of species are found in South, Central and North America, but some species also occur in Asia and Africa. This work includes the revision of 12 species of Pseudognaphalium from Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum, and P. viravira. A key is provided for their identification, as well as morphological description, illustration, geographic distribution and habitat, distribution maps, phenology, additional material examined, distinguishing characters and taxonomic affinities for each taxon. The new combination Pseudognaphalium cabrerae (S.E. Freire) S.E. Freire, N. Bayón, C. Baeza, Giuliano & C. Monti, is proposed. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, with P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri with P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum with P. gayanum; P. glandulosum with P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, with P. viravira. Lectotypes are newly designated for Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, and G. viravira. A neotype is designated for G. psilophyllum.El género Pseudognaphalium, con cerca de 90 especies de distribución cosmopolita, es uno de los géneros de la tribu Gnaphalieae con mayor número de especies, principalmente distribuidas en América del Sur, Central y del Norte, aunque algunas también están presentes en Asia y África. Este trabajo comprende la revisión de 12 especies de Pseudognaphalium para Chile, P. aldunateoides, P. cabrerae, P. cheiranthifolium, P. cymatoides, P. gayanum, P. lacteum, P. landbeckii, P. munoziae, P. psilophyllum, P. remyanum, P. tarapacanum y P. viravira. Se incluye una clave para identificarlas y para cada una de las especies se brinda descripción, ilustración, fenología, distribución geográfica y hábitat, mapa de distribución, material adicional examinado y afinidades taxonómicas. Sobre la base del estudio de los materiales tipo, se establecen los siguientes nuevos sinónimos: Gnaphalium diminutivum, Pseudognaphalium perpusillum, con P. aldunateoides; G. canum, G. ulophyllum, P. moelleri con P. cymatoides; P. heterophyllum, P. heterotrichum, G. pseudohelichrysum, P. robustum, con P. gayanum; P. glandulosum con P. psilophyllum; G. longifolium, G. subnudum, P. andicola, P. coquimbense, P. illapelinum, P. montevidense, P. pratense, con P. viravira; se designan lectotipos para las siguientes especies: Gnaphalium acutifolium, G. araucanum, G. argyrolepis, G. canum, G. cymatoides, G. glandulosum, G. heterophyllum, G. illapelinum, G. lacteum, G. landbeckii, G. moelleri, G. ramosum, G. remyanum, G. subnudum, G. tarapacanum, G. ulophyllum, G. viravira y se designa el neotipo para G. psilophyllum

Normal radial migration and lamination are maintained in dyslexia-susceptibility candidate gene homolog Kiaa0319 knockout mice

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is a common disorder with a strong genetic component, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Several candidate dyslexia-susceptibility genes, including KIAA0319, DYX1C1, and DCDC2, have been identified in humans. RNA interference experiments targeting these genes in rat embryos have shown impairments in neuronal migration, suggesting that defects in radial cortical migration could be involved in the disease mechanism of dyslexia. Here we present the first characterisation of a Kiaa0319 knockout mouse line. Animals lacking KIAA0319 protein do not show anatomical abnormalities in any of the layered structures of the brain. Neurogenesis and radial migration of cortical projection neurons are not altered, and the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of Kiaa0319-deficient neurons do not differ from those of wild-type neurons. Kiaa0319 overexpression in cortex delays radial migration, but does not affect final neuronal position. However, knockout animals show subtle differences suggesting possible alterations in anxiety-related behaviour and in sensorimotor gating. Our results do not reveal a migration disorder in the mouse model, adding to the body of evidence available for Dcdc2 and Dyx1c1 that, unlike in the rat in utero knockdown models, the dyslexia-susceptibility candidate mouse homolog genes do not play an evident role in neuronal migration. However, KIAA0319 protein expression seems to be restricted to the brain, not only in early developmental stages but also in adult mice, indicative of a role of this protein in brain function. The constitutive and conditional knockout lines reported here will be useful tools for further functional analyses of Kiaa0319