Testing for Rationality with Consumption Data: Demographics and Heterogeneity

In this paper, we introduce a new measure of how close a set of choices are to satisfying the observable implications of rational choice, and apply it to a large balanced panel of household level consumption data. We use this method to answer three related questions: (i) "How close are individual consumption choices to satisfying the model of utility maximization?" (ii) "Are there di¤erences in rationality between di¤erent demographic groups?" (iii) "Can choices be aggregated across individuals under the assumption of homogeneous preferences?" Crucially, in answering these questions, we take into account the power of budget sets faced by each household to expose failures of rationality. To summarize our results we ?nd that: (i) while observed violations of rationality are small in absolute terms, our households are only moderately more rational than the benchmark of random choice; (ii) there are signi?cant di¤erences in the rationality of di¤erent groups, with multi-head households more rational than single head households, and the youngest households more rational than middle age households; (iii) the assumption of homogenous preferences is strongly rejected: choice data that is aggregated across households exhibits high levels of irrationality.#

Management of Widespread Pain and Fibromyalgia

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Efficacy of interspinous device versus surgical decompression in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a modified network analysis.

Study designSystematic review using a modified network analysis.ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness and morbidity of interspinous-device placement versus surgical decompression for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.SummaryTraditionally, the most effective treatment for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis is through surgical decompression. Recently, interspinous devices have been used in lieu of standard laminectomy.MethodsA review of the English-language literature was undertaken for articles published between 1970 and March 2010. Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify studies comparing surgical decompression with interspinous-device placement for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. First, studies making the direct comparison (cohort or randomized trials) were searched. Second, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing each treatment to conservative management were searched to allow for an indirect comparison through a modified network analysis approach. Comparison studies involving simultaneous decompression with placement of an interspinous device were not included. Studies that did not have a comparison group were not included since a treatment effect could not be calculated. Two independent reviewers assessed the strength of evidence using the GRADE criteria assessing quality, quantity, and consistency of results. The strengths of evidence for indirect comparisons were downgraded. Disagreements were resolved by consensus.ResultsWe identified five studies meeting our inclusion criteria. No RCTs or cohort studies were identified that made the direct comparison of interspinous-device placement with surgical decompression. For the indirect comparison, three RCTs compared surgical decompression to conservative management and two RCTs compared interspinous-device placement to conservative management. There was low evidence supporting greater treatment effects for interspinous-device placement compared to decompression for disability and pain outcomes at 12 months. There was low evidence demonstrating little to no difference in treatment effects between the groups for walking distance and complication rates.ConclusionThe indirect treatment effect for disability and pain favors the interspinous device compared to decompression. The low evidence suggests that any further research is very likely to have an important impact on the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. No significant treatment effect differences were observed for postoperative walking distance improvement or complication rates; however, findings should be considered with caution because of indirect comparisons and short follow-up periods

The Culturator: Film Noir Meets Bike Culture

Part of this weekend’s nuit blanche Northern Spark festival, project Mobile Experiential Cinema invites goers to embark on a rambling, bicycle-mounted, multi-location cinematic experience that blends bike culture with locally-bred film. Created by artists Daniel Dean and Ben Moren, the project launched alongside the inaugural Northern Spark fest last year as an interactive projected film-focused group ride featuring live performance elements and urban exploration embodying all plot twists and theatrical curve balls we’ve come to expect from the mystery genre. We caught up with Mobile Experiential Cinema collaborators Dean and Moren to chat about the project’s creation, its noir influences and how they plan to epitomize the classic cinematic experience via an non-traditional platform

Passages Through the Ordinary: Human Pyramid

A man picks his way across a wooded hillside, a curious reluctance in his step. In a small, two-door hatchback, pale mushrooms sprout from car seats. Drawings of edibles spread across the walls of a windowless room, where wooden furniture beckons to sit, linger, and enjoy the view. A dumpster doubles as a hot tub next to an arrangement of plywood benches and white ceramic tubs, inviting the weary to bathe their feet in salubrious salts. Close by, a set of coal-black bowls nestles into itself, while dust motes dance in a glow of orange light. Ladders and levels, carefully stacked and precariously balanced, take on a life of their own, remote from practical purpose. Paintings lazily lean against walls, carefully blending into the surrounding space as if designed to be inconspicuous. At the same time, they insist on drawing attention to the habitually overlooked: a piece of masking tape, a nail fastening a piece of paper to a wall, a thermostat’s hard plastic shell. The eight artists in “Human Pyramid” share an attraction to the ordinary, which, on closer inspection, appears anything but mundane. Emphatically antimonumental, the work on view examines quotidianobjects, habits, and relationships, transforming them into something eerily familiar that, at the same time, estranges what typically hovers right around the threshold of the noticed. While the direction toward embracing the ordinary has gained momentum in contemporary art since the mid-1990s,1 much of the art displayed in “Human Pyramid” inhabits the gallery space with an ease not necessarily characteristic of its creative predecessors. Rather than document interventions in the everyday, outside of the gallery, the artists create encounters inside the gallery, experiences that invite us to savor the delicate strangeness on display. Still, more is at stake than simply de-familiarizing what we may take for granted. The artists ask us to apprehend “the object as if it was unfamiliar, so that we can attend to the flow of perception itself.”2 Following Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, philosophers concerned with experience grounded in the body, “Human Pyramid” challenges the Cartesian hierarchy of mind over body and probes the flow of perception. The resulting work offers passages through the ordinary that are often poetic, sometimes gutsy, critical, and intimate