Extracting Fetal Electrocardiogram from Being Pregnancy Based on Nonlinear Projection

Fetal heart rate extraction from the abdominal ECG is of great importance due to the information that carries in assessing appropriately the fetus well-being during pregnancy. In this paper, we describe a method to suppress the maternal signal and noise contamination to discover the fetal signal in a single-lead fetal ECG recordings. We use a locally linear phase space projection technique which has been used for noise reduction in deterministically chaotic signals. Henceforth, this method is capable of extracting fetal signal even when noise and fetal component are of comparable amplitude. The result is much better if the noise is much smaller (P wave and T wave can be discovered)

The Correlation between the Structures of the Nasal Tip on the Ultrasound and the Anthropometry of the Nose in Vietnamese

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, there are few types of research held in Vietnam to investigate the anthropometric index of the nose as well as analysis the structure of nasal tip on ultrasound to identify the relationship between these parameters. AIM: determine the relationship between the height and the width of the nasal tip and the structures constructed these areas by anthropometric and ultrasound measurement. METHODS: a descriptive study in Thanh Van Hospital from December 2017 to April 2019. RESULTS: There were 94 women (62.7%), and 56 men (37.3%) and the average age were 33.6 years old. The height and width of the nasal tip are 10.1 mm and 21.7 mm, respectively. Through the ultrasound, the thickness of the adipose tissues is 3 mm. The width of the interdomal fat pad is 6.5 mm and the distance between two tip point is 5.6 mm. There are the relationships between the distance of two tip points and the width of the tip (r = 0.341), and the width of the interdomal fat pad (r = 0.72). There is also the correlation between the width of the nasal tip with the distance of two tip points (r = 0.46) and the height of the tip with the thickness of the interdomal fat pad (r = 1.23). CONCLUSION: The thickness of the interdomal fat affects the height of the tip, and the distance of two tip points influences the width of the tip

Research on Macroanatomic and Histologic Characteristics of the Lower Lateral Nasal Cartilages in Vietnamese

BACKGROUND: There are recently many studies about the anatomy of lower lateral cartilage (LLC). However, the microanatomic studies to identify the segments of most LLC at the nasal tip in Vietnamese are very rare. AIM: Investigate the macroanatomic and microanatomic characteristics of the LLC and the structures of the nasal tip. METHODS: Descriptive study, 30 cadaver noses fixed by 10% formalin, 2 cadaver noses fixed by HE in 69 Institutes in Vietnam from December 2017 to April 2019. RESULTS: The average length of the medial crus is 12.3 mm on the right and 13.2 mm on the left. The maximum intercrural distance is 10.7 mm. The average length of the dome is 3.7 mm and 3.9 mm on the right and left side separately, with 2 subunits are the domal and lobular segment. The average thickness of the tip points is 1.0 mm. The width of the interdomal and intercrural ligaments are 0.5-fold the height and 2-fold the thickness. The thickness of the interdomal fat pad is 3mm and about 0.5-fold the wide. CONCLUSION: The LLC has 3 parts: intermediate, medial and lateral crus. The microanatomic structures of tip consist of the interdomal ligaments, intercrural ligaments, SMAS and interdomal fat pad

Secondary Network Throughput Optimization of NOMA Cognitive Radio Networks Under Power and Secure Constraints

Recently, the combination of cognitive radio networks with the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approach has emerged as a viable option for not only improving spectrum usage but also supporting large numbers of wireless communication connections. However, cognitive NOMA networks are unstable and vulnerable because multiple devices operate on the same frequency band. To overcome this drawback, many techniques have been proposed, such as optimal power allocation and interference cancellation. In this paper, we consider an approach by which the secondary transmitter (STx) is able to find the best licensed channel to send its confidential message to the secondary receivers (SRxs) by using the NOMA technique. To combat eavesdroppers and achieve reasonable performance, a power allocation policy that satisfies both the outage probability (OP) constraint of primary users and the security constraint of secondary users is optimized. The closed-form formulas for the OP at the primary base station and the leakage probability for the eavesdropper are obtained with imperfect channel state information. Furthermore, the throughput of the secondary network is analyzed to evaluate the system performance. Based on that, two algorithms (i.e., the continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) for CR NOMA (CGA-CRN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for CR NOMA (PSO-CRN)), are applied to optimize the throughput of the secondary network. These optimization algorithms guarantee not only the performance of the primary users but also the security constraints of the secondary users. Finally, simulations are presented to validate our research results and provide insights into how various factors affect system performance

Secondary Network Throughput Optimization of NOMA Cognitive Radio Networks Under Power and Secure Constraints

Recently, the combination of cognitive radio networks with the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approach has emerged as a viable option for not only improving spectrum usage but also supporting large numbers of wireless communication connections. However, cognitive NOMA networks are unstable and vulnerable because multiple devices operate on the same frequency band. To overcome this drawback, many techniques have been proposed, such as optimal power allocation and interference cancellation. In this paper, we consider an approach by which the secondary transmitter (STx) is able to find the best licensed channel to send its confidential message to the secondary receivers (SRxs) by using the NOMA technique. To combat eavesdroppers and achieve reasonable performance, a power allocation policy that satisfies both the outage probability (OP) constraint of primary users and the security constraint of secondary users is optimized. The closed-form formulas for the OP at the primary base station and the leakage probability for the eavesdropper are obtained with imperfect channel state information. Furthermore, the throughput of the secondary network is analyzed to evaluate the system performance. Based on that, two algorithms (i.e., the continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) for CR NOMA (CGA-CRN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for CR NOMA (PSO-CRN)), are applied to optimize the throughput of the secondary network. These optimization algorithms guarantee not only the performance of the primary users but also the security constraints of the secondary users. Finally, simulations are presented to validate our research results and provide insights into how various factors affect system performance

The Role of Globalization on CO2 Emission in Vietnam Incorporating Industrialization, Urbanization, GDP per Capita and Energy Use

This study examines the impacts of crucial factors associated with Vietnam's socio-economic development including globalization, industrialization, urbanization, energy consumption and GDP per capita on carbon dioxide emission. The 31-year data (from 1985 to 2015) is analyzed by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method, and bound test result denotes the long-run relationship between the carbon dioxide emission and its determinants. The long-run and short-run effects can be assessed by the cointegration among the variables and Error Correction Model (ECM) respectively. We find that energy consumption, industrialization and GDP per capita increase carbon dioxide emission in the long-run while, in contrast, globalization negatively influences it, which implies pragmatic suggestions for policymakers in promoting pertinent strategies for sustainable economic development in Vietnam. Keywords: Energy consumption, Carbon dioxide emission, Globalization JEL Classifications: C32, Q43, Q56 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.706

Throughput Optimization for NOMA Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio with Multi-UAV-Assisted Relaying under Security Constraints

This paper investigates the throughput of a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based cognitive radio (CR) system with multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted relays under system performance and security constraints. We propose a communication protocol that includes an energy harvesting (EH) phase and multiple communication phases. In the EH phase, the multiple UAV relays (URs) harvest energy from a power beacon. In the first communication phase, a secondary transmitter (ST) uses the collected energy to send confidential signals to the first UR using NOMA. Simultaneously, a ground base station communicates with a primary receiver (PR) under interference from the ST. In the subsequent communication phases, the next URs apply the decode-and-forward technique to transmit the signals. In the last communication phase, the Internet of Things destinations (IDs) receive their signals in the presence of an eavesdropper (EAV). Accordingly, the outage probability of the primary network, the throughput of the secondary network, and the leakage probability at the EAV are analyzed. On this basis, we propose a hybrid search method combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) to optimize the UR configurations and the NOMA power allocation to maximize the throughput of the secondary network under performance and security constraints

Automated pupillometry and optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasound to define tuberculous meningitis disease severity and prognosis

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) causes high mortality and morbidity, in part due to raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Automated pupillometry (NPi) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) are both low-cost, easy-to-use and non-invasive techniques that correlate with ICP and neurological status. However, it is uncertain how to apply these techniques in the management of TBM. Methods: We conducted a pilot study enrolling 20 adults with TBM in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Our objective was to investigate the relationships between baseline and serial measurements of NPi and ONSD and disease severity and outcome. Serial NPi and ONSD were performed for 30 days, at discharge, and at 3-months, with measurements correlated with clinical progression and outcomes. Results: ONSD and NPi measurements had an inverse relationship. Higher ONSD and lower NPi values were associated with lower Glasgow coma score. Baseline NPi was a strong predictor 3-month outcome (median NPi 4.55, interquartile range 4.35–4.65 for good outcomes versus 2.60, IQR 0.65–3.95 for poor outcomes, p = 0.002). Pupil inequality (NPi ≥0.7) was also strongly associated with poor 3-month outcomes (p = 0.006). Individual participants' serial NPi and ONSD were variable during initial treatment and correlated with clinical condition and outcome. Conclusion: Pupillometry and ONSD may be used to predict clinical deterioration and outcome from TBM. Future, larger studies are need explore the optimal timing of measurements and to define how they might be used to optimise treatments and improve outcomes from TBM