Spot the Bot: Distinguishing Human-Written and Bot-Generated Texts Using Clustering and Information Theory Techniques

With the development of generative models like GPT-3, it is increasingly more challenging to differentiate generated texts from human-written ones. There is a large number of studies that have demonstrated good results in bot identification. However, the majority of such works depend on supervised learning methods that require labelled data and/or prior knowledge about the bot-model architecture. In this work, we propose a bot identification algorithm that is based on unsupervised learning techniques and does not depend on a large amount of labelled data. By combining findings in semantic analysis by clustering (crisp and fuzzy) and information techniques, we construct a robust model that detects a generated text for different types of bot. We find that the generated texts tend to be more chaotic while literary works are more complex. We also demonstrate that the clustering of human texts results in fuzzier clusters in comparison to the more compact and well-separated clusters of bot-generated texts.Comment: Accepted in Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence 2023. 8 pages, 3 figure

New record of the genus Brulleia Szépligeti, 1904 ( Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Helconinae ), with description of three new species from VietNam

The genus Brulleia Szépligeti, 1904 was recorded for the first time in Vietnam, three new species, namely Brulleia flavosoma Long, sp. n.; B. mellicrus  Long, sp. n. and B. nigrisoma Long, sp. n., were descripbed and illustrated. A key to Brulleia species from Vietnam is provided. The checklist of the already known species of the genus Brulleia is also given

Diagnostic Overshadowing: A Delayed Diagnosis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In A Deaf Child

Diagnostic overshadowing occurs when a patient with a pre-existing diagnosis presents with symptoms that are attributed to the diagnosis, but actually reflect a separate issue. This diagnostic overshadowing can lead to delays in diagnosis, as well as disparities in health care and outcomes. The following case will provide an example in which diagnostic overshadowing contributed to the delay of an autism diagnosis in a child who is deaf. With at least 40 to 50% of children who are deaf or hard of hearing having at least one co-existing medical/developmental condition, and the current prevalence of autism at 1 in 36 children in the United States, the intersection of these conditions is substantial. Pediatricians, otolaryngologists, audiologists, and speech therapists are all likely to encounter young children who are deaf/hard of hearing and in the process of acquiring language, and interdisciplinary collaboration can support identification of children with coexisting conditions. Clinicians can benefit from increased familiarity with the presentation of deaf children who are neurotypical, and how it tends to differ from children with autism, to reduce the chance of delayed/incorrect diagnosis and formation of care plans

Smaller Sphincs+

NIST has released the draft specification of SLH-DSA (also known as Sphincs+). When NIST released its original call for proposals for the Postquantum Process, they specified that signature systems would need to be usable at full security for $2^{64}$ signatures per private key. Hence, the parameter sets specified in SLH-DSA is tuned to have full security after that many signatures. However, it has been noted that in many cases, we don\u27t have need for that many signatures, and that parameter sets tuned for fewer signatures would be shorter and more efficient to process. This paper examines such possible alternative parameter sets

Fulfilling Buy Online Pickup In-store Orders: the case of the retailers in the UK

The surge of omni channel has become an irreversible trend that threats traditional brick-and-mortar retailers and brought about new opportunities to many players in the industries. Among them, Buy Online Pickup In-Store (BOPS) (alias “Click and Collect”) has gained greater influence on customers’ behaviours, but not been thoroughly understood, especially from the providers’ perspectives. This study investigates the case of the UK, a leading market for omni-channel retailing and provides an Arena simulation model coupled with an OptQuest optimization to gain insights into three different BOPS fulfilment policies that are differentiated by the fulfilment location (from the distribution centres, stores or both). The results suggest that the cost to fulfil each order range between £1.3 to £1.5 given the constraint of maximum 5% delaying rate of BOPS order fulfilment. Decentralised fulfilment seems to be more cost effective and less time-consuming than delivering from centralised distribution centre. The findings are useful for the design of effective distribution network to gain advantages from the surge of omni-channel retailing

中級日本語学習者の視点は母語によって異なるか : I-JASのストーリーテリングのデータの分析から

国立国語研究所 研究系 日本語教育研究領域 非常勤研究員Adjunct Researcher, JSL Research Division, Research Department, NINJAL本研究では，『多言語母語の日本語学習者横断コーパス』（I-JAS）のストーリーテリングのデータを用いて，アメリカ人，中国人，韓国人，ベトナム人の，各中級日本語学習者の母語による視点の相違について検討した。その結果，主語の観点から見ると，学習者の各群は多くの場面で，特に新しい登場人物が出現する場面で主語を交替させる傾向があり，その傾向は母語によって異ならないことが明らかになった。述語の観点から見ると，述語における視点表現の使用量と使用形態が母語によって異なっていることがわかり，それぞれの学習者群の母語からの影響も観察された。述語の視点表現の選択傾向から談話全体での視点の置き方を見ると，アメリカ人日本語学習者は学習者の各群の中で，固定視点の割合がもっとも高いのに対し，中国人日本語学習者は移動視点の割合がもっとも高く，韓国人日本語学習者は移動視点の割合と中立視点の割合が同様で，ベトナム人日本語学習者は中立視点の割合がもっとも高いことがわかった。This study used the storytelling data of the "International Corpus of Japanese as a Second Language (I-JAS)" to examine how American, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese learners of intermediate-level Japanese use native languages to differentiate the viewpoints while learning Japanese. As a result, the subject\u27s viewpoint clearly displayed that each group of learners tended to alternate subjects in many scenarios, especially when new characters appeared, and this tendency did not differ depending on the native language. In addition, the perspectives of the predicates reveal that the frequency and variety of forms in using expressions differed relying on the predicates\u27 native language. The groups also distinctly observed the influence of the predicates from their native language. The following inference can be made postulating the whole discourse from the use of the viewpoint expressions of the predicates. American-Japanese learners have the highest percentage of fixed viewpoints in each group of learners, while Chinese-Japanese learners had the highest ratio of moving viewpoints, Korean-Japanese learners had similar ratios of moving viewpoints and neutral viewpoints, and Vietnamese-Japanese learners had the highest ratio of neutral viewpoints

Design and Analysis of Ternary m-sequences with Interleaved Structure by d-Transform

Multilevel sequences find more and more applications in modern modulation schemes [4QPSK, 8QPSK,16QAM..]  for the 3G ,4G system air interface [1,2].Furthermore, in modern cryptography they are also widerly used. It is also interesting to point out that the length L of these sequences are composite numbers( L=NS),that means the sequence can be easily implemented by interleaving S subsequences, each of length S.Therefore, the methods to develop multilevel sequence with interleaved structure draw a lot of attentions [3, 4]. In this contribution, a method for design and analysis of ternary m-sequences with interleaved structure is presented, based on the d-transform, Which turns out to be a very effective and versal tool for this purpose. Simulations have been made to verify the theory. We first introduce d-transform and its properties and then work out the procedure to design an interleaving sequence in d-transform. Keywords: d-transform,q-ary sequences, interleaved sequence

Interaction between triphenylphosphine or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane with some complexes K[PtCl3(olefin)] (olefin: methyleugenol, safrole, isopropyl eugenoxyacetate)

Novel study on the interaction between K[PtCl3(olefin)] (olefin: methyleugenol, safrole and isopropyl eugenoxyacetate) with TPP and DPPE shows that TPP and DPPE readily replace the olefins to form complexes [PtCl2(TPP)2] (P4), [PtCl2(DPPE)] (P5) and [Pt(DPPE)2]Cl2 (P6). P4 possesses trans configuration when the molar ratio of the mono olefin and TPP of 1:1. When the ratio is 1:2, P4 is a mixture of trans and cis isomers of which trans one is prevailing. The cis isomer trends to convert to trans one in chloroform solvent. P5 and P6 were formed when the molar ratio of mono isopropyl eugenoxyacetate and DPPE of 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. The structures of P4÷P6 were elucidated by Pt analysis, ESI-MS, IR and 1H NMR spectra studies. Keywords. Pt(II) complexes, olefins, phosphine derivatives