KONTRIBUSI KEBIASAAN BEROLAHRAGA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN GERAK DASAR SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR (Studi Pada SD Negeri Pucang I Sidoarjo)

Abstract The objectives subjects of sports education are to improve the physical potential, cultivate the sportivity, and civilize healthy living. In improving physical potential are the goal of improving basic movement skills and abilities of students. To achieve these objectives the students with the help of the teacher should be able to absorb the knowledge of the sport given by the teacher through motor learning. In addition, students should be able to get used to exercising outside lesson hours sport. Accustomed to exercising with the students naturally learn motion. Because the core of the sport is a motion. The more often students do exercise they will get a lot of motion experience so their motor ability and motor skills can be improved. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of their exercise habits with the basic motor ability of fifth grade students of Pucang I Sidoarjo Elementary School, and to determine the contribution of sport habits with  the basic motor ability of fifth grade students of Pucang I Sidoarjo Elementary School. The type of this research is non-experimental research through quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population in this research were all fifth grade students of Pucang I Sidoarjo Elementary School, amounting to 116 students. While the sampling technique used cluster random sampling with a sample of 37 students, while the students who had the test amounted only 33 students, because 4 other students who could not participate is illness. The instrument in this research was a questionnaire to measure students sport habits, and the carpenter motor ability tests to measure students basic motor ability. Data analysis that applied is Spearman correlation. Based on the data  analysis found that the variable sport habits with basic motor abilitys have rhitung result of 0.522, α 0.05 with P value 0.002. This indicates that the P value 0.002 ≤ α 0.05  , which means that H0 is rejected and Ha accepted. Has a determination coefficient as big as 27.25%. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between sport habits with the basic motor ability of fifth grade students of Pucang I Sidoarjo Elementary School with ties at 27, 25%. Keywords: Sport Habits, Basic Motor Ability

MANAJEMEN KESISWAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI NON AKADEMIK SISWA DI SMPN 3 KEDUNGWARU TULUNGAGUNG

Skripsi dengan judul “Manajemen Kesiswaan dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Non Akademik Siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung”, ini ditulis oleh Dandik Ramadani, NIM 12207173016, Jurusan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Tulungagung, dibimbing oleh Dr. H. Masduki, M.Ag. Kata Kunci: Manajemen Kesiswaan, Prestasi Non Akademik Penelitian ini membahas tentang Manajemen Kesiswaan dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Non Akademik Siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. Manajemen kesiswaan sangat penting bagi setiap Lembaga Pendidikan, baik Lembaga Pendidikan yang sudah maju maupun Lembaga Pendidikan yang masih dalam proses pengembangan. Siswa harus dikelola dengan baik melalui kegiatan-kegiatan kesiswaan yang diberikan. Dimana tujuan dari kegiatan kesiswaan adalah sebagai wadah untuk menampung minat bakat siswa dan meningkatkan kemampuan serta prestasinya. Untuk meningkatkan prestasi siswa, maka dibutuhkan manajemen kesiswaan yang baik dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasinya. Fokus penelitian skripsi ini adalah (1) Bagaimana perencanaan kegiatan kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung, (2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan kegiatan kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung, (3) Bagaimana evaluasi kegiatan kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengambil latar manajemen kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. Sumber data yang diambil dari kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bidang kesiswaan, dan guru pembina ekstrakurikuler. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data meliputi uji kredibilitas dengan perpanjangan pengamatan, peningkatan ketekunan, triangulasi, menggunakan bahan referensi, dan mengadakan pengujian derataj kepercayaan, keteralihan, kebergantungan, dan konfirmasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Perencanaan kegiatan kesiswaan terdiri dari (a) perencanaan diawali dengan rapat koordinasi kepala sekolah, waka kesiswaan, dan guru pembina ekstra, (b) melakukan analisis untuk mengetahui kesiapan sekolah dalam melaksanakan program, (c) program kegiatan kesiswaan mengacu pada Rencana Kerja Sekolah (RKS) dan Permendikbud RI Nomor 81A Tahun 2013, (d) dalam merencanakan melibatkan seluruh elemen sekolah, (e) kegiatan ekstrakurikuler diambil dari edaran atau angket yang diberikan kepada siswa. (2) Pelaksanaan kegiatan kesiswaan terdiri dari (a) pelaksanaan kegiatan kesiswaan mengacu pada Permendiknas Nomor 39 Tahun 2008 tentang pembinaan kesiswaan, (b) kegiatan kesiswaan dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan serta sebagai wadah mengembangkan minat dan bakat siswa, (c) memberikan orientasi atau pengenalan kepada siswa tentang kegiatan kesiswaa, (d) melakukan pengelompokan sesuai dengan bakat minat siswa untuk mempermuda pembinaan. (3) Evaluasi kegiatan kesiswaan terdiri dari (a) setiap pembina memberikan hasil evaluasi kegiatan kepada waka kesiswaan, (b) setiap pembina memberikan masukan terhadap capaian-capain siswa, (c) memberikan reward kepada siswa, (d) menentukan kriteria atau tolak ukur keberhasilan untuk mengetahui ketercapaian tujuan, (e) menindak lanjuti hasil dari evaluasi

Perancangan Buku Dongeng "Legenda Jaka Tarub" Dengan Software Pengolah Grafis

Dongeng merupakan bentuk cerita tradisional atau cerita yang disampaikan secara terun-temurun dari nenek moyang. Cerita dongeng tidak hanya merefleksikan nilai-nilai sosial budaya masyarakat dahulu, tetapi juga mengantarkan nilai-nilai itu kepada masyarakat sekarang. Dengan memahami dan menceritakan kembali cerita-cerita lama kepada anak-anak, maka proses pewarisan nilai-nilai luhur yang terkandung di dalamnya akan tetap hidup, serta menumbuhkan kecintaan pada budaya sendiri kepada setiap generasi. Hal tersebut memunculkan gagasan untuk membangkitkan minat anak saat ini dengan mewujudkan Legenda Jaka Tarub kedalam bentuk buku dongeng yang menarik sebagai salah satu bentuk respon positif dalam upaya melestarikan legenda asli Indonesia.    Perancangan buku dongen ini menggunakan analisis 5W+1H umtuk mengetahui devinisi produk. Pembuatan buku Jaka Tarub langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah dengan sketch manual dengan menggunakan pensil dan kertas, langkah tersebut dilakukan agar mempermudah proses digital di Addobe CS6. Selanjutnya, gambar yang telah disketch manual di proses dengan scaner. Seketsa digital dibuat dengan software CS6 dengan bantuan alat pen tablet. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah pewarnaan dan finishing halaman dengan memberi teks di setiap halaman.    Sedangakan dari hasil uji coba produk yang telah dilakukan, Dapat disimpilkan bahwa Buku Dongen Legenda Jaka Tarub ini sudah dapat diterima dengan baik. Dari total 50 responden yang di survey, 2 menilai sangat baik, 229 menilai baik, 199 menilai cukup, 69 menilai kurang baik, dan 5 menilai sangat kurang bai

Kullanılmış yağların pirolizi ile organik kimyasallar ve yakıt üretimi

Tez (Doktora)--İTÜ Fen Bil. Enst., 1996Dünya nüfusunun hızla artması, endüstrileşme ve hızlı şehirleşme doğal kaynakların tüketimini de hızla arttırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, oluşabilecek enerji temini sorununu bir anda çözebilecek teknolojik bir gelişme de bulunmamaktadır. Bu durum, bilinen kaynakların en rasyonel şekilde kullanımı ve yeni enerji kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi gibi acil önlemlerin şimdiden alınması zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkartmıştır, özellikle, biyokütle ve ürünlerinin sentetik yakıtların ve organik kimyasalların üretiminde leuUanüabilirMğinin incelenmesi alternatif kaynakların araştırılmasında geniş bir yer almaktadır. Bitkisel yağlar yüksek ısıl değerleri ve uygun özellikleri nedeniyle bu amaçla kullanılan biyokütle kaynaklan arasında önemli bir potansiyele sahiptirler. Bitkisel yağlardan alternatif yakıtların ve ham madde olarak kullanılabilecek organik kimyasalların üretiminde kullanılan en ümit verici yöntemin katalitik ve termokimyasal dönüşüm teknolojileri (piroliz) olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile, atık bir madde olan kullanılmış kızartma yağının fraksiyonlama kolonu ile teçhiz edilmiş bir reaktörde 400 ve 420°C de farklı uzunluklarda fraksiyonlama kolonları (180, 360 ve 540 mm) kullanılarak katalizörlü ve katalizörsüz olarak gerçekleştirilen fraksiyonlamalı piroliz reaksiyonu incelenmiştir. Na2CÛ3, Octidyne ve HZSM-5'in katalizör olarak kullanıldığı çalışmalarda, katalizör oram yağa göre ağırlıkça % 1, 5, 10 ve 20 olarak seçilmiş ve reaksiyonlar iki farklı ısıtma hızı ve reaksiyon süresinde yürütülmüştür. Reaksiyonlarda uygulanan koşullara bağlı olarak farklı miktar ve bileşimlerde sıvı (hidrokarbon fazı, sulu faz ve asit fazı) ve gaz ürünler elde edilmiştir. Sıvı hidrokarbon fazı, asit fazı ve gaz ürün bileşimleri GC/MS ve GC cihazlarında belirlenmiştir. Sıvı hidrokarbon fazlan 5-18 karbonlu alkan, alken, aromatik hidrokarbonlar, alken ve alkanlann izomerleri ile çok az miktarda naftenik hidrokarbonlardan meydana gelmektedir. Gaz ürünler 1-6 karbonlu alkan ve alkenlerle, H2, CO ve CO2, asit fazlan ise 5-18 karbonlu doymuş ve doymamış karboksilli asitler içermektedir. Deneysel çalışmalarda sulu faz bileşimleri incelenmemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, reaksiyon koşullarının uygun olarak seçimi ile bitkisel yağlann bileşim ve özellik bakımından yakıt alternatifi olabilecek veya organik kimyasalların üretiminde ham madde olarak kullanılabilecek sıvı ve gaz ürünlere dönüştürülebileceği görülmüştür.Petroleum, coal and natural gas are at present the principle source of fuels and organic chemicals. These fossil fuels have high sulphur, nitrogen and metal content resulting in substantial amounts of S02 and NOx being released to the atmosphere causing 'acid rains". The combustion of coal and crude oil also releases CO2. A continuous increase in the C02 concentration in the atmosphere has undesirable climatic consequences through global warming by the "greenhouse effect". It is estimated that, worldwide, over 20 billion metric tones of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere every year. It has been reported that a significant amount of radioactive gases are also emitted during coal combustion. Furthermore, the increase in world population, rapid industrialization and urbanization have also caused gradual decreases in fossil fuel reserves. Also, in parallel with the development of environmental consciousness, research on new energy sources which do not cause environmental pollution have gained importance. Since World War I, biomass and its products have been investigated as an alternative and renewable raw materials for fuels and organic chemicals. Biomass is formed by photosynthesis according to the reaction: chlorophyll C02 + H20 + solar radiation > (CH20) + 02 470 1J The formula (CH20) is the building block for all carbohydrate materials including cellulose (CöHioOs), which is a polymer of the carbohydrate unit and constitutes the bulk of any biomass. A large number of plant species have been reported which are also capable of converting C02 beyond carbohydrates to isoprenoid and other hydrocarbon-like compounds. The energy content of biomass is a very important parameter in its conversion to energy products and synthetic fuels. The different components in biomass would be expected to have different heats of combustion because of varying chemical structures and carbon contents. Monosaccharides have the lowest carbon content, highest degree of oxygenation and lowest heating value. As the carbon content increases and the degree of oxygenation is reduced, the structures become more XXI hydrocarbonlike and their heating value increases. Cellulose, the dominant polysaccharide component in most biomass, has a higher heating value. Oils derived from plant seeds are much higher in energy content than carbohydrates and approach the heating value of paraffinic hydrocarbons (such as petroleum). Because of this property, plant oils or extracts are very important biomass sources for the production of synthetic fuels and useful chemicals. Various thermochemical (combustion, pyrolysis, liquidification, etc.) and biochemical methods (fermentation, hydrolysis, etc.) can be used to produce chemicals, energy or gaseous, liquid and solid fuels from biomass. The physical and chemical characteristics of biomass are important in the selection of the conversion technology. One of the most promising ways for producing liquid fuels and chemicals from plant oils is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis (retorting, destructive distillation, carbonization) is the thermal decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen. The process of pyrolysis is complex, but the most accepted theory is that primary vapors are first produced, the characteristics of which are most influenced by heating rate. These primary vapors then further degrade to secondary tars and gases if held at a high temperature for long enough for secondary reactions to occur. The proportions and characteristics of these secondary materials are a function of temperature and time. For plant oils, pyrolysis starts near 300-375°C. Chars, organic liquids, gases and water are formed in varying amounts depending particularly on the biomass composition, heating rate, pyrolysis temperature and residence times in the pyrolysis reactor. As might be expected, higher temperatures and longer residence times promote gas production, whereas higher liquid and char yields result from lower temperatures and shorter residence times. No matter what the pyrolysis conditions are, with the exception of extremely high temperatures, the product mixture has a complex composition, and selectivity for specific products is low even with a single- feed component. The ratios of unconverted organic solids, ash and fixed carbon residues produced by thermal decomposition of organics are highly dependent on pyrolysis temperature. The present work reports the results of conversion of used frying oil to hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals with catalyst (Na2C03, Octidyne and HZSM-5) and without catalyst at different temperatures (400 and 420°C), different fractionating column lengths (180, 360 and 540 mm) and different catalyst contents (1, 5, 10 and 20 % based on oil weight) by using a special pyrolysis reactor (fractionating pyrolysis reactor). Used frying oil obtained from the campus cafeteria of Istanbul Technical University (Istanbul/Turkey) was filtered to remove pieces of food and used directly without any special purification. The fatty acid composition and the main characteristics of used oil are shown in Table 1. In the study, Na2C03, Octidyne and HZSM-5 were used as alternative catalysts. Na2C03 was analytical grade of XXll Riedel de Haen (Seize/Germany) product. Octidyne obtained from TÜPRAŞ (İzmit/Turkey) is a cracking catalyst. HZSM-5 was obtained from the other research team in the Chemical Engineering Department at Technical University of Istanbul (Istanbul/Turkey). All these catalysts were dried overnight at 1 10°C before use in the reaction. Pyrolysis reactions were carried out in a special reactor (#316 stainless steel tubing, 210 mm long x 75 mm i.d.) equipped with thermocouples, inert gas connection and a fractionating packed column (#316 stainless steel tubing, 45 mm i.d., packed with ceramic rings having 7 mm i.d.). This reactor was placed in a tubular furnace (220 mm long x 78 mm i.d.). Table 1. The fatty acid composition and the main characteristics of used oil. The reactor was loaded with 100 g oil and the air was purged with N2. Then, used frying oil was heated to the selected reaction temperature with a certain program. When the set temperature was reached, the product was started to be collected. Temperature was kept constant until the end of the experiments. In the reactions carried out with catalysts, the catalyst was added to the oil before heating and stirred to disperse the pellet for 3.5 min. The reaction products leaving the fractionating column were separated into liquid and gas fractions. The liquid product was collected in two glass traps, cooled with ice-salt mixture and ice respectively. The gas products were collected over a saturated solution of sodium chloride in a gas holder. In the experiments, two different run periods were applied. In the first part of experiments (the heating rate was 20°C/min), the run was continued until the gas product volume did not change in the gas-holder. In these experiments, the run period varied from 180 to 240 min depending on the reaction conditions. In the second part of the experiments (the heating rate was 40°C/min), the run period was kept at 3 h. At the end of the experiments, the reactor was left to cool at ambient temperature. The respective amounts of the liquid, gas and residual oil-coke were determined. XXlll The aqueous phase of the liquid product was separated in a separately funnel from the organic phase which consisted of hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. The aqueous phase was discarded. Using the acid value of the organic phase, as determined by base titration, a corresponding amount of base was added to the organic phase to separete it to a 'liquid hydrocarbon" and a "acid phase", the latter being converted to methyl esters by BF3-methanol esterification procedure. The analysis of the liquid hydrocarbon and acid phase were carried out quantitatively by using two different capillary columns in a Hewlett Packard gas chromatography 5890 series II apparatus. From these results, the average molecular weight of component fatty acids was calculated and the weight of the acid phase was determined. The gas product was further analyzed by using a packed column in gas chromatography. The conditions of the three gas chromatographic analyses (of the hydrocarbons, of acid phase and of gas product) are presented in Table 2. Table 2. The conditions of the gas chromatographic analyses. 1 Flame ionization detector 2 25 m x 0.32 mm x 0.52 um film thickness % 100 dimethyl polysiloxane 3 25 m x 0.32 mm x 0.52 u,m film thickness % 5 diphenyl and % 95 dimethyl- polysiloxane 4 Thermal conductivity detector. 5 80/100 mesh, 2 m x 1/8" x 2.2 mm, Perkin Elmer. XXIV The following conclusions were reached: - The highest conversion of oil with and without catalyst and the maximum amount of liquid hydrocarbon product were observed at 420°C using the fractionating column length of 180 mm. - Increase in the reaction temperature increased the amounts of acid phase, liquid hydrocarbon and gas product, but decreased the amount of aqueous phase. - Increase of the column length decreased the conversion. - Increase of catalyst content increased the amounts of liquid hydrocarbon and gas product and conversion of oil. Gas chromatographic analysis of liquid hydrocarbon product revealed that this pyrolysis oil consisted of alkenes, alkanes, isomers of alkenes and alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons having 5 to 17 carbons. The liquid hydrocarbon product composition was significantly affected by temperature, catalyst content and column length. The formation of aromatic hydrocarbons increased at the reactions catalysed by HZSM-5 at 420°C using the fractionating column of 180 mm. The weight ratios of individual hydrocarbons of the liquid hydrocarbon product at the reaction catalysed by 20 % catalyst (based on oil weight) at 420°C using the column of 180 mm were as follows: The gas product, which included H2, CO, C02, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons having 1 to 6 carbons, consisted mostly of Ci, C2 and C3 alkanes and alkenes. The gas product yield was a strong function of the reaction temperature, high reaction temperatures favouring the gas yield. The yield and the composition of gas products were also affected by reaction conditions. All these results suggest that the used frying oil can be converted, with or without catalyst, selectively to a mixture of liquid and gas products with high yields of conversions by using a fractionating pyrolysis system, and that this product can efficiently be used as fuel and chemical raw materials.DoktoraPh.D

MANAJEMEN KESISWAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI NON AKADEMIK SISWA DI SMPN 3 KEDUNGWARU TULUNGAGUNG

Skripsi dengan judul “Manajemen Kesiswaan dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Non Akademik Siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung”, ini ditulis oleh Dandik Ramadani, NIM 12207173016, Jurusan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Tulungagung, dibimbing oleh Dr. H. Masduki, M.Ag. Kata Kunci: Manajemen Kesiswaan, Prestasi Non Akademik Penelitian ini membahas tentang Manajemen Kesiswaan dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Non Akademik Siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. Manajemen kesiswaan sangat penting bagi setiap Lembaga Pendidikan, baik Lembaga Pendidikan yang sudah maju maupun Lembaga Pendidikan yang masih dalam proses pengembangan. Siswa harus dikelola dengan baik melalui kegiatan-kegiatan kesiswaan yang diberikan. Dimana tujuan dari kegiatan kesiswaan adalah sebagai wadah untuk menampung minat bakat siswa dan meningkatkan kemampuan serta prestasinya. Untuk meningkatkan prestasi siswa, maka dibutuhkan manajemen kesiswaan yang baik dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasinya. Fokus penelitian skripsi ini adalah (1) Bagaimana perencanaan kegiatan kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung, (2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan kegiatan kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung, (3) Bagaimana evaluasi kegiatan kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengambil latar manajemen kesiswaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi non akademik siswa di SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. Sumber data yang diambil dari kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bidang kesiswaan, dan guru pembina ekstrakurikuler. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data meliputi uji kredibilitas dengan perpanjangan pengamatan, peningkatan ketekunan, triangulasi, menggunakan bahan referensi, dan mengadakan pengujian derataj kepercayaan, keteralihan, kebergantungan, dan konfirmasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Perencanaan kegiatan kesiswaan terdiri dari (a) perencanaan diawali dengan rapat koordinasi kepala sekolah, waka kesiswaan, dan guru pembina ekstra, (b) melakukan analisis untuk mengetahui kesiapan sekolah dalam melaksanakan program, (c) program kegiatan kesiswaan mengacu pada Rencana Kerja Sekolah (RKS) dan Permendikbud RI Nomor 81A Tahun 2013, (d) dalam merencanakan melibatkan seluruh elemen sekolah, (e) kegiatan ekstrakurikuler diambil dari edaran atau angket yang diberikan kepada siswa. (2) Pelaksanaan kegiatan kesiswaan terdiri dari (a) pelaksanaan kegiatan kesiswaan mengacu pada Permendiknas Nomor 39 Tahun 2008 tentang pembinaan kesiswaan, (b) kegiatan kesiswaan dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan serta sebagai wadah mengembangkan minat dan bakat siswa, (c) memberikan orientasi atau pengenalan kepada siswa tentang kegiatan kesiswaa, (d) melakukan pengelompokan sesuai dengan bakat minat siswa untuk mempermuda pembinaan. (3) Evaluasi kegiatan kesiswaan terdiri dari (a) setiap pembina memberikan hasil evaluasi kegiatan kepada waka kesiswaan, (b) setiap pembina memberikan masukan terhadap capaian-capain siswa, (c) memberikan reward kepada siswa, (d) menentukan kriteria atau tolak ukur keberhasilan untuk mengetahui ketercapaian tujuan, (e) menindak lanjuti hasil dari evaluasi

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Demokratis Berperspektif Gender untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PKn Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kesamben 06 Blitar

ABSTRAK   Yulistyawan, Dandik Dwi. 2011. Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Demokratis Berperspektif Gender  untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PKn Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kesamben 06 Blitar. Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Jurusan Kependidikan Sekolah Dasar dan Pra Sekolah, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: Drs. I Wayan Sutama, M.Pd.   Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Demokratis Berperspektif Gender, hasil belajar PKn   Pada tanggal 17-18 Februari 2011 dilakukan observasi di kelas IV SDN Kesamben 06 mata pelajaran PKn, ternyata nilai hasil pembelajaran yang diperoleh siswa laki-laki cenderung lebih tinggi dari nilai hasil pembelajaran yang diperoleh siswa perempuan yaitu nilai siswa laki-laki 60, sedangkan nilai siswa perempuan 50, jadi nilai rata-rata siswa laki-laki dan perempuan rata-ratanya 55. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas IV SDN Kesamben 06 tidak ada kesetaraan gender, karena jumlah siswa laki-laki lebih banyak dari pada jumlah siswa perempuan sehingga dalam  kegiatan pembelajaran siswa laki-laki lebih dominan dari siswa perempuan baik dalam mengajukan pertanyaan maupun pendapat. Tujuan dari penelitian tindakan ini adalah: 1) untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan model pembelajaran demokratis berperspektif gender pada mata pelajaran PKn di kelas IV  SDN Kesamben 06 Blitar; 2) untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran demokratis berperspektif gender dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn di kelas IV SDN Kesamben 06 Blitar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Untuk mengumpulkan data, instrumen pengumpuan data yang digunakan berupa: 1) lembar observasi; 2) soal tes. Seorang siswa dinyatakan tuntas belajarnya apabila telah mencapai skor 70. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dibagi dalam 2 siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu: a) perencanaan; b) pelaksanaan tindakan dan observasi; c) refleksi; d) revisi. Yang menjadi subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Kesamben 06 Blitar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan langkah-langkah pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran demokratis berperspektif gender pada mata pelajaran PKn telah bejalan dengan baik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) penerapan model pembelajaran demokratis berperspektif gender dapat meningkatkan aktifitas belajar siswa 2) penerapan model pembelajaran demokratis berperspektif gender dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran. Saran kepada guru agar menggunakan model pembelajaran model pembelajaran demokratis berperspektif gender dalam pelajaran PKn, siswa tidak sepenuhnya dibebaskan dalam pembentukan kelompok agar dapat memperhatikan perspektif adil gender. Di samping itu, dalam kegiatan pembelajaran hendaknya dilaksanakan dengan selalu memberi kesempatan yang sama kepada seluruh siswa tanpa membeda-bedakan jenis kelamin, tingkat kecerdasan, latar belakang untuk terlibat langsung dalam proses pembelajaran.