Diferenciación de cultivares de Phaseolus vulgaris L. mediante respuesta del tejido foliar expuesto a estrés hídrico y salino

The identification of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars capable to tolerate abiotic stress without affecting its yield is a purpose of the breeding programs of this legume. The objective of this work was to differentiate P. vulgaris cultivars by the foliar tissue response exposed to hydric and saline stress in vitro induced. Leaf discs of 'Cuba Cueto 25-9 Negro' cultivar were placed in Petri dishes on filter paper. On each plate 2 ml of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18% (w / v) PEG 6000 or 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mM NaCl solution were added to induce hydric or saline stress. Deionized water was used as the control. The plates were maintained for 48 h at 25 ± 2 ° C. A scale of degrees of affectation was elaborated according to the percentage of foliar area with necrosis. In ten cultivars of P. vulgaris the assay was applied and its response recorded by the elaborated scale. Leaf tissue at 48 h showed necrotic areas. The designed scale was structured with seven grades where grade 1 corresponded with unaffected tissue and seven with tissue with total necrosis. The predominance of grade 3, 4 and 5 was observed. The response of cultivars exposed to PEG 6000 and NaCl was influenced by the type of stressor and it was classified as high, intermediate or low. The test of P. vulgaris leaf discs subjected to in vitro induced hydric and saline stress allows differentiation of the response of cultivars to these conditions through an elaborated qualitative scale based on the percentage of area with necrosis. Keywords: necrotic areas, legume, genetic improvement, NaCl, PEG 6000La identificación de cultivares de Phaseolus vulgaris L. capaces de tolerar estrés abiótico sin que se afecte su rendimiento es un propósito de los programas de mejoramiento genético de esta leguminosa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diferenciar cultivares de P. vulgaris mediante la respuesta de tejido foliar expuesto a estrés hídrico y salino inducido in vitro. Discos de hojas del cultivar ‘Cuba Cueto 25-9 Negro’ se colocaron en placas Petri sobre papel de filtro. En cada placa se añadieron 2 ml de solución de PEG 6000  al 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 y 18% (m/v) o NaCl  a 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 y 300 mM para inducir estrés hídrico o salino. Como control se empleó agua desionizada. Las placas se mantuvieron durante 48 h a 25 ± 2 °C. Se elaboró una escala de grados de afectación según el porcentaje de área foliar con necrosis. En diez cultivares se aplicó el ensayo y se registró su respuesta mediante la escala elaborada.  El tejido foliar a las 48 h presentó áreas necróticas. La escala diseñada se estructuró con siete grados donde el grado 1 se correspondió con tejido no afectado y el siete con tejido con necrosis total. Se observó predominio de los grados 3, 4 y 5. La respuesta de los cultivares expuestos a PEG 6000 y NaCl estuvo influenciada por el tipo de agente estresante y se clasificó en alta, intermedia o baja. El ensayo de discos de hojas de P. vulgaris sometidos a estrés hídrico y salino inducidos in vitro permitió diferenciar la respuesta de cultivares a estas condiciones mediante una escala cualitativa elaborada basada en el porcentaje de área con necrosis. Palabras clave: áreas necróticas, leguminosa, mejoramiento genético, NaCl, PEG 600

Oralidad y proceso. Una perspectiva desde Iberoamérica

La presente obra recopila algunas de las ponencias de los conferencistas participantes en los dos eventos académicos internacionales de Derecho Procesal, programados para el presente año por la Universidad de Medellín. El primero de ellos correspondiente a las VI Jornadas Internacionales de Derecho Procesal, organizadas por los programas de Maestría en Derecho Procesal y Doctorado en Derecho Procesal, organizado por la Universidad de Medellín en asocio con la Fundación Universitaria Tecnológico Comfenalco de Cartagena. Este libro representa la oportunidad perfecta para invitar a la reflexión y al análisis sobre los problemas del derecho procesal contemporáneo, y en el caso colombiano, que apenas comienza su recorrido por la senda de la oralidad procesal, para empezar a marcar pautas que trasciendan de los simples comentarios a las reformas realizadas o que están por realizarse

Multi-sites evaluation of IKONOS data for classification of tropical coral reef environments

Ten IKONOS images of different coral reef sites distributed around the world were processed to assess the potential of 4-m resolution multispectral data for coral reef habitat mapping. Complexity of reef environments, established by field observation, ranged from 3 to 15 classes of benthic habitats containing various combinations of sediments, carbonate pavement, seagrass, algae, and corals in different geomorphologic zones (forereef, lagoon, patch reef, reef flats). Processing included corrections for sea surface roughness and bathymetry, unsupervised or supervised classification, and accuracy assessment based on ground-truth data. IKONOS classification results were compared with classified Landsat 7 imagery for simple to moderate complexity of reef habitats (5-11 classes). For both sensors, overall accuracies of the classifications show a general linear trend of decreasing accuracy with increasing habitat complexity. The IKONOS sensor performed better, with a 15-20% improvement in accuracy compared to Landsat. For IKONOS, overall accuracy was 77% for 4-5 classes, 71% for 7-8 classes, 65% in 9-11 classes, and 53% for more than 13 classes. The Landsat classification accuracy was systematically lower, with an average of 56% for 5-10 classes. Within this general trend, inter-site comparisons and specificities demonstrate the benefits of different approaches. Pre-segmentation of the different geomorphologic zones and depth correction provided different advantages in different environments. Our results help guide scientists and managers in applying IKONOS-class data for coral reef mapping applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care