Perfecting the Theory of Meaning: The Story of Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis

The common sense view of what language is for is that language is used for communication. However, some of the most prominent linguists in the field reject this view. In other words, the majority of professional linguists used to adopt a view of language which is at odds with the view held by non-linguists. The phenomenon of communication has often been thought of as peripheral in linguistic research. This view is a result of the strong hold the abstract objectivist language conception has had on modern linguistic thought. Communication has been reduced to a subordinate place amongst the possible functions of language. This low status attributed to communication is challenged by different pragmatic approaches to language. On the other hand, the content and use of the term “communication” is even by humanistic standards extremely ambiguous, and it has, therefore, often been difficult to use in practical, empirical work. This study is primarily a deep survey of the major contributions of both “discourse analysis” and “pragmatics” in an attempt to clarify the problem of understanding meaning in language use. In addition, it attempts to show how language is used, as a persuasive tool, in political discourse.The present study demonstrates that it would be a mistake to adopt an approach to pragmatics and discourse analysis which focuses on linguistic factors alone, or social factors alone, to the exclusion of cognitive factors. Also, it would be a mistake to adopt an approach which is exclusively speaker-oriented or exclusively hearer-oriented. The process of making meaning is a joint accomplishment between speaker and hearer; between writer and reader. In addition, the present study shows that both disciplines “pragmatics” and “discourse analysis” are hybrid fields of inquiry; and their common themes are “language”, “language users”, “communication”, and “meaning in interaction”. Both disciplines have borrowed their theoretical and methodological orientations from almost the same social and human disciplines. Accordingly, the terms “pragmatics” and “discourse analysis” can be used interchangeably. Finally, the present study shows that political speech is one of the main persuasive tools used by politicians to present their political persons and to further their political agendas

The Language of Consumer Advertising: Linguistic and Psychological Perspectives

This study examines the consumer advertising which is directed towards the promotion of some product or service to the public. The study, however, is not meant to exhaust all the aspects of this particular discourse, or present an answer to all the problems it poses. Rather, it aims at uncovering the basic elements of the most pervasive, influential and inescapable discourse of the 21st century; the advertising text. It focuses on the interaction of language, image and layout, and examines advertising persuasive strategies. In doing so, it draws on various linguistic (particularly pragmatic, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic) theories. In addition, this study provides analyses of some ads, using different ways of interpretations; and ends with a discussion on the interrelationship between culture (schemes) and advertising discourse. In this connection, instances from the Egyptian media, and their analyses are provided, with a view to clarifying some rhetorical categories in Arabic Advertising, and showing that texts construct meaning through interaction with other types of discourse, and inseparable from the culture of the advertising text

Measuring, Characterizing, and Detecting Facebook Like Farms

Social networks offer convenient ways to seamlessly reach out to large audiences. In particular, Facebook pages are increasingly used by businesses, brands, and organizations to connect with multitudes of users worldwide. As the number of likes of a page has become a de-facto measure of its popularity and profitability, an underground market of services artificially inflating page likes, aka like farms, has emerged alongside Facebook's official targeted advertising platform. Nonetheless, there is little work that systematically analyzes Facebook pages' promotion methods. Aiming to fill this gap, we present a honeypot-based comparative measurement study of page likes garnered via Facebook advertising and from popular like farms. First, we analyze likes based on demographic, temporal, and social characteristics, and find that some farms seem to be operated by bots and do not really try to hide the nature of their operations, while others follow a stealthier approach, mimicking regular users' behavior. Next, we look at fraud detection algorithms currently deployed by Facebook and show that they do not work well to detect stealthy farms which spread likes over longer timespans and like popular pages to mimic regular users. To overcome their limitations, we investigate the feasibility of timeline-based detection of like farm accounts, focusing on characterizing content generated by Facebook accounts on their timelines as an indicator of genuine versus fake social activity. We analyze a range of features, grouped into two main categories: lexical and non-lexical. We find that like farm accounts tend to re-share content, use fewer words and poorer vocabulary, and more often generate duplicate comments and likes compared to normal users. Using relevant lexical and non-lexical features, we build a classifier to detect like farms accounts that achieves precision higher than 99% and 93% recall.Comment: To appear in ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS

Analysis Of Company Performance Measurement From Balanced Scorecard Approach (Case Study At Pt. Intihati Properti, Bogor)

This study aims to determine the performance of the company PT. Intihati Properti considers four balanced scorecard perspectives, namely customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and learning and growth perspective. The research method used is descriptive research method. Data collection methods used are interviews and questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the analysis of performance measurement viewed from a financial perspective as a whole is considered a bad company. it can be seen from the measurement results of the current ratio, total assets turnover, and return on assets every year that always decreases. The results from the customer's perspective are rated poorly. This can be seen from the acquisition of new customers every year which always decreases and the expected target is not achieved. performance measurement results from the perspective of internal business processes are generally considered poor. This can be seen from the innovations that are developed every year. Outcomes from a learning and growth perspective are considered poor. This can be seen from the decline in profitability and employee productivity from year to year which is not as expected. Although the employee satisfaction score of 88.4% is considered good or positive, it is necessary to evaluate the level of satisfaction in terms of organizational culture and leadership which gets the highest negative score. From the comprehensive results of the four balanced scorecard perspectives at PT. Intihati Properti is shown by considering the criteria for a total three-year performance score from 2018 to 2020 of 16.56% in the CC category. means that the performance of the company PT. Intihati's property is classified as "unhealthy"

Fast and Accurate Spelling Correction Using Trie and Damerau-levenshtein Distance Bigram

This research was intended to create a fast and accurate spelling correction system with the ability to handle both kind of spelling errors, non-word and real word errors. Existing spelling correction system was analyzed and was then applied some modifications to improve its accuracy and speed. The proposed spelling correction system is then built based on the method and intuition used by existing system along with the modifications made in previous step. The result is a various spelling correction system using different methods. Best result is achieved by the system that uses bigram with Trie and Damerau-Levenshtein distance with the word level accuracy of 84.62% and an average processing speed of 18.89 ms per sentence

Pengaruh Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap Belanja Modal dan Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

The aim of this study was to determine: 1) the effect of DAU on capital expenses; 2)the effect of PAD on capital axpenses; 3) the effect of DAU on the independence of localfinance, 4) the effect of PAD on the independence of local finance. 5) the effect of CapitalExpenses on the independence of local finance.Data were collected by conducting a surveyand were examined with the multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program.Results of the study showed that the value ratio of the local financial independence ofSoutheast Sulawesi in the period from 2003 to 2015 was still categorized as low. Result ofpartial regression analysis indicated that for the first equation only DAU had positive andsignificant effect on capital expenses, whereas for the second equation both PAD and capitalexpenses variables had positive and significant effect on the local financial independence.Simultaneously, the first equation showed that DAU and PAD had positive and significanteffect on capital expenses, and so was the second equation, which showed that DAU, PAD,and capital expenses had positive and significant effect on the local financial independence.The study recommended that the local goverment continues its effort to reduce its bigreliance on DAU (general allocation budget)

Sistem Smart –Banner Berbasis Mikrokontroler

X banner merupakan salah satu jenis media periklanan yang sangat lazim digunakan dalam hal periklanan. X banner juga bisa digunakan sebagai tempat promosi akan suatu hal. X banner saat ini belum dianggap terlalu efektif karena sifat X banner yang hanya satu arah saja, sehingga yang melihat hanya bisa dari satu arah. Masalah ini kemudian yang menjadi dasar perancangan sistem smart X banner yang berputar ke segala arah yaitu dengan mengarah secara otomatis ke tempat keramaian orang. Keramaian orang berdasarkan hasil deteksi halangan orang terdepan setiap 15 derajat. Smart X banner dilengkapi dengan sensor ultrasonik untuk mendeteksi keramaian orang. Selain itu X banner juga dilengkapi dengan speaker untuk menambahkan fitur suara pada iklan tersebut. Perancangan ini terdiri atas 4 buah X banner dengan X banner utama yang mengarah ke arah deteksi keramaian. Ketika hasil deteksi masih sama maka X banner bergeser ke X banner ke 2 dan seterusnya

Tampilan Pengantrian pada Ruang Ganti di Department Store

Kecanggihan teknologi membawa nilai bisnis meningkat sehingga memberikan Kenyamanan bagi pelanggan [1]. Berdasarkan kemajuan teknologi tersebut, sebuah smartphone android dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai user interface dalam department store bagi pelanggan agar merasa lebih nyaman. User interface melalui layar monitor pada smartphone android dapat membantu pelanggan mengetahui letak ruang ganti yang kosong secara lebih nyaman. Sebuah sensor diletakan di ruang ganti. Sensor ini dapat mendeteksi seseorang yang masuk ke ruang ganti berdasar pada gerakan. Penggunaan sensor ini mengutamakan informasi ruangan yang kosong dan teknologi otomatis. Terdapat sebuah fitur tentang tombol bantuan. Tombol bantuan ini aktif bila pelanggan membutuhkan pramuniaga department store untuk membantunya. Beberapa kondisi dilakukan untuk menguji keberhasilan sistem ini. Sebanyak 12 kondisi diuji baik untuk masing-masing ruang ganti dan keseluruhan (4 buah) ruang ganti. Hasil dari pengujian didapatkan bahwa sensor pendeteksi gerakan dapat dihubungkan dengan android, tombol bantuan dapat dihubungkan dengan LED dan hubungan antara rangkaian sensor, tombol dan monitor dapat dilakukan melalui Bluetooth

Implementasi Pendidikan Islam Multikultural dan Moderat di Sekolah Dasar dalam Membentuk Nasionalisme

the surrounding environment as a plurality culture (contextual approach) and inculcating attitudes tolerance and being able to coexist with others. In conclusion, the implementation of multicultural and the surrounding environment as a plurality culture (contextual approach) and inculcating attitudes tolerance and being able to coexist with others. In conclusion, the implementation of multicultural and moderate islamic education in elementary schools in shaping nationalism is carried out in three steps developed by teachers in structured learning planning by formulating goals, setting important materials implementing learning processes, and conducting attitude assessment .   Keyword: moderate, multicultural, nationalism, islamic education &nbsp

Development of a cost effective technique to eliminate conventional finishing operation applying high speed end milling of silicon

Silicon has been widely used in different branches of industrial engineering. Most application of silicon is in computer parts or hardware especially for the production of integrated circuit (IC) chips. Machining of silicon is a big challenge and expensive affair because of it inherent brittleness which is a major limitation as the process of removing the material can generate subsurface damage. Silicon is conventionally finished using grinding followed by polishing and lapping to achieve required surface finish and surface integrity..