El debate en torno al método historiográfico en el Chile del siglo XIX

Tailored historiography in rising Hispano-American countries of the XIX century had the commitment to contribute to the «imagination» of nation, reason why it could not exactly fulfill the model of total absence of subjectivity, if some type of history can do it, although in general it repudiated philosophical speculation. This work focuses on the debate carried out in Chile in 1844 and 1848 about the suitable method to investigate the past. Andres Bello defended narrative history or ad narrandum, while the young Jose V. Lastarria and Jacinto Chacon advocated ad probandum or philosophical history as the suitable system to find historical truth. Towards the end, we offer a reflection on the influence of Bello’s lessons, through the analysis on the historical discipline notions used by Diego Barros Arana and Valentin Letelier.La historiografía confeccionada en los nacientes países hispanoamericanos del siglo XIX tuvo el compromiso de contribuir a la «imaginación» del Estado-nación, por lo que no pudo cumplir cabalmente el modelo de ausencia total de la subjetividad, si es que algún tipo de historia puede hacerlo, aunque —en general— repudió la especulación filosófica. Este trabajo centra su atención en el debate llevado a cabo en Chile en 1844 y 1848, en torno a cuál debería ser el método adecuado para investigar el pasado. Andrés Bello defendió la historia narrativa o ad narrandum en contra de los jóvenes José Victorino Lastarria y Jacinto Chacón, que propugnaron la historia ad probandum o historia filosófica como el sistema adecuado para encontrar la verdad. Hacia el final, ofrecemos una reflexión sobre la influencia de las enseñanzas de Bello, a través del análisis respecto de las nociones que sobre la disciplina histórica manejaron Diego Barros Arana y Valentín Letelier

La historiografía peruana de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Una presentación inicial a través de la obra de José Toribio Polo.

Utilizando como base el análisis de la obra de José Toribio Polo, pretendemos mostrar que la influencia del positivismo en el Perú historiográfico de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX fue relativa y parcial. Para ello, intentaremos acercarnos a las principales características de la forma de hacer historia de esta época. En esa medida, presentaremos un panorama general de lo publicado en las cuatro principales revistas académicas del momento. Además, estudiaremos las polémicas históricas más importantes, deteniéndonos en la crítica que Polo hizo del Diccionario del general Manuel de Mendiburu. Asimismo, ofreceremos la noción que manejó Polo sobre la disciplina histórica, signo de su pertenencia a una generación de historiadores de transición entre una historia amateur y una más científica.Using the analysis of Jose Toribio Polo's work as a base, we seek to show that the influence of the positivism was relative and partial in the Peru's historiography of the second half of the nineteenth century. For that, we will try to approach to the main characteristics of the way history work was made at that time. In that measure, we will present a general view of what was published in the four main academic magazines of the moment. Besides, we will study the 1 Deseo expresar mi sincero agradecimiento a la doctora Liliana Regalado de Hurtado, quien me motivó a publicar el presente trabajo. 135 Joseph Dager Alva La historiografía peruana en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX most important historiographical polemics, emphasizing the critic that Polo made to the Manuel Mendiburu's Dictionary. Also, we will give the notion of Polo about history as a discipline, which is a sign that he belonged to a transitional generation of historians, between an amateur history and a more scientific one

An inverse problem for the compressible Reynolds equation

We study the existence of solutions to a system of equations for equilibrium positions in lubricated journal bearings under load effects. The mechanism under consideration consists of two parallel cylinders, one inside the other, in close distance and relative motion. The unknowns of the problem are the equilibrium position of the inner cylinder and the pressure of the lubricant described by the compressible Reynolds equation. To complete the system, Newton's second law gives the equilibrium of forces. We present results on existence of solutions for a range of applied forces F

Predicting development of adolescent drinking behaviour from whole brain structure at 14 years of age

Adolescence is a common time for initiation of alcohol use and development of alcohol use disorders. The present study investigates neuroanatomical predictors for trajectories of future alcohol use based on a novel voxel-wise whole-brain structural equation modeling framework. In 1814 healthy adolescents of the IMAGEN sample, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was acquired at three measurement occasions across five years. Based on a two-part latent growth curve model, we conducted whole-brain analyses on structural MRI data at age 14, predicting change in alcohol use score over time. Higher grey-matter volumes in the caudate nucleus and the left cerebellum at age 14 years were predictive of stronger increase in alcohol use score over 5 years. The study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of running separate voxel-wise structural equation models thereby opening new avenues for data analysis in brain imaging

Key Articles and Guidelines Relative to Intensive Care Unit Pharmacotherapy: 2009 Update

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90162/1/phco.29.10.1228.pd

Emerging executive functioning and motor development in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder

Existing evidence suggests executive functioning (EF) deficits may be present in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by 3 years of age. It is less clear when, prior to 3 years, EF deficits may emerge and how EF unfold over time. The contribution of motor skill difficulties to poorer EF in children with ASD has not been systematically studied. We investigated the developmental trajectory of EF in infants at high and low familial risk for ASD (HR and LR) and the potential associations between motor skills, diagnostic group, and EF performance. Participants included 186 HR and 76 LR infants. EF (A-not-B), motor skills (Fine and Gross Motor), and cognitive ability were directly assessed at 12 months and 24 months of age. Participants were directly evaluated for ASD at 24 months using DSM-IV-TR criteria and categorized as HR-ASD, HR-Negative, and LR-Negative. HR-ASD and HR-Negative siblings demonstrated less improvement in EF over time compared to the LR-Negative group. Motor skills were associated with group and EF performance at 12 months. No group differences were found at 12 months, but at 24 months, the HR-ASD and HR-Negative groups performed worse than the LR-Negative group overall after controlling for visual reception and maternal education. On reversal trials, the HR-ASD group performed worse than the LR-Negative group. Motor skills were associated with group and EF performance on reversal trials at 24 months. Findings suggest that HR siblings demonstrate altered EF development and that motor skills may play an important role in this process

Approximate controllability of coupled 1-d wave equations onstar-shaped graphs

In this Note, we study the approximate controllability of a cascade system of two 1-d wave equations defined on a star-shaped planar graph. Only the first equation is controlled, with controls applied at the simple vertices. The controls act on the second equation through the coupling at the multiple vertex. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the approximate controllability of the system: all the ratios of the lengths of any two different edges of the graph should be irrational numbers. The result implies that, under these conditions, the approximate desensitizing controllability of a star-shaped network of strings holds, when the desensitized functional is the L2-norm of the displacement of the multiple node

Well-behaved equals well-adjusted : an analysis of childrens' behavior

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there existed covariant characteristics among children labeled by society as well-behaved. Findings in the literature indicated unanimous support in describing the well-behaved child as quiet and conforming. There existed a small percentage of quiet and conforming children who were also described as shy. The study was designed to determine if these minority groups of shy children, often labeled by their teachers well-behaved, were also well-adjusted. A middle class pre-school population of 63 children, aged 2½-6 years, was used. Burke's Behavior Rating Scale was implemented, using coded names to insure the privacy of each subject. After results were obtained from the rating scale, teachers were asked to rate each child in two ways: l) conforming or non-conforming; and 2) shy or non-shy. Shyness was defined as an extreme measure of quietness. Results of the three scales were compared to determine if there existed a significant relationship between the shy child and his adjustment. It was concluded that there was a definite negative relationship between the described well-behaved shy child and his adjustment. Evidence emerged which merits further research. Age of the population studied was a major factor. Even though the child to whom the author addressed herself was in a minority (approximately 11.11% in this study), he has been overlooked.California State University, Northridge. Department of Education.Includes bibliographical references (pages 29-32