71 research outputs found
Alquimia, Ocultismo, Maçonaria: o ouro e o simbolismo hermético dos cadinhos (Séculos XVIII e XIX)
Este artigo apresenta a arqueologia das enigmĂĄticas marcas impressas na base de cadinhos dos sĂ©culos XVIII e XIX recuperados nas escavaçÔes da Casa da Moeda do Rio de Janeiro, na dĂ©cada de 1980, e a explanação do seu significado simbĂłlico Ă luz da alquimia, do ocultismo e da Maçonaria. Espraiando-se extraordinariamente mundo afora atravĂ©s de uma bem-sucedida estratĂ©gia de comunicação visual, a Maçonaria utilizou sĂmbolos hermĂ©ticos para a difusĂŁo de seus princĂpios nos mais diferentes suportes. Aparentemente estamos diante de um sinal de reconhecimento maçÎnico, o sinal exterior de uma organização oculta, sĂł partilhado por iniciados e incompreensĂvel para os demais, que contribuiu para difundir veladamente a doutrina maçÎnica por diferentes pontos do globo
Recommended from our members
Effect of supply of metabolizable protein on splanchnic fluxes of nutrients and hormones in lactating dairy cows
The effect of the supply of metabolizable protein on
splanchnic fluxes of nutrients and hormones was measured
in six catheterized late-lactation Holstein cows
in a crossover design. Two isonitrogenous diets (16.3%
CP), but differing in rumen protein degradability and
estimated metabolizable protein (MP) supply (1654 g/
d, Lo-MP; 1930 g/d, Hi-MP) were fed, each over a 35-d
experimental period. On d 34 or 35, net fluxes of nutrients
and hormones across the portal-drained viscera,
the liver, and total splanchnic tissues were determined.
Portal absorption of total, essential, nonessential, and
branched-chain amino acids (AA) increased with the
Hi-MP diet. Approximately 76% of the additional metabolizable
protein supply was recovered as extra AAN
absorption in the portal vein. Liver removal of AA
was not different between diets, and this resulted in a
greater net release across the splanchnic tissues for the
Hi-MP diet. This extra AA supply provided substrates
for the observed increased milk protein yield for the
Hi-MP diet. Fractional efficiencies of conversion of absorbed
individual essential AA into milk protein ranged
from 0.42 to 0.68. The corresponding efficiencies for
utilization of postsplanchnic AA supply were 0.42 to
1.80. Provision of methionine, phenylalanine, and histidine beyond the liver were similar to outputs in milk protein but the other essential AA were supplied to
peripheral tissues in excess of milk output, indicative
of oxidative mechanisms in nonhepatic tissues. Net
fluxes of glucose, NH3-N, and urea were not affected by
the diets. Neither arterial concentrations of insulin,
somatotropin, or IGF-1, nor net transfers across the
portal-drained viscera or liver of insulin, were affected
by the diets. Although portal release of glucagon was not different between the diets, a smaller proportion
was removed by the liver on the Hi-MP diet. Metabolism
of AA across the splanchnic tissue bed is a major determinant of the quantity and the profile of AA delivered to peripheral tissues
Static and Dynamic Aeroelastic Scaling of the CRM Wing via Multidisciplinary Optimization
International audienceNovel and disruptive aircraft configurations such as the blended wing-body, the truss-braced wing or the joined-wing aircraft aim to improve the performance of the classical wingbody aircraft. However, there are few to no data of previous similar aircraft to use for the design of these new concepts. For this reason, the use of aeroelastically similar flight demonstrators arises as a means to assess the flight qualities of these new concepts. Since flight demonstrators cannot often be a scaled down copy in all the aspects (e.g., the internal structure architecture), an optimization approach is needed to find the design that best fits the desired response. In this paper, we present a multidisciplinary optimization approach to design a wing that matches the aeroelastic response of the NASA Common Research Model (CRM). This response includes both the static deformed shape, and the scaled flutter modes, speeds and frequencies. In previous works, we successfully tested both the aeroelastic coupling and the dynamic similarity optimization by using test cases on the literature. All multidisciplinary analysis and optimizations were implemented using OpenMDAO framework. We used a global optimizer with surrogate models and mixture of experts. For the static aeroelastic part of the problem, we establish a coupling between a panel code and a linear finite element solver by using a GaussSeidel iterative method. The optimizer tries to minimize the difference between the nodal displacements of the scaled model and the scaled response of the reference aircraft. For the dynamic aeroelastic similarity, we first use the traditional approach where aerodynamic similarity is assumed and the problem can be treated as a structural modal optimization. For the optimization, we maximize the sum of the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) between the reference and current design modes once they have been paired according to their shape. The MAC value is also used to pair the modes
Bcl-xL controls a switch between cell death modes during mitotic arrest
International audienceAntimitotic agents such as microtubule inhibitors (paclitaxel) are widely used in cancer therapy while new agents blocking mitosis onset are currently in development. All these agents impose a prolonged mitotic arrest in cancer cells that relies on sustained activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and may lead to subsequent cell death by incompletely understood molecular events. We have investigated the role played by anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members in the fate of mitotically arrested mammary tumor cells treated with paclitaxel, or depleted in Cdc20, the activator of the anaphase promoting complex. Under these conditions, a weak and delayed mitotic cell death occurs that is caspase-and Bax/Bak-independent. Moreover, BH3 profiling assays indicate that viable cells during mitotic arrest are primed to die by apoptosis and that Bcl-xL is required to maintain mitochondrial integrity. Consistently, Bcl-xL depletion, or treatment with its inhibitor ABT-737 (but not with the specific Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199), during mitotic arrest converts cell response to antimitotics to efficient caspase and Bax-dependent apoptosis. Apoptotic priming under conditions of mitotic arrest relies, at least in part, on the phosphorylation on serine 62 of Bcl-xL, which modulates its interaction with Bax and its sensitivity to ABT-737. The phospho-mimetic S62D-Bcl-xL mutant is indeed less efficient than the corresponding phospho-deficient S62A-Bcl-xL mutant in sequestrating Bax and in protecting cancer cells from mitotic cell death or yeast cells from Bax-induced growth inhibition. Our results provide a rationale for combining Bcl-xL targeting to antimitotic agents to improve clinical efficacy of antimitotic strategy in cancer therapy
rAAV9-mediated gene transfer in the spinal cord of a feline model of motor neuron degeneration
National audienc
rAAV9-mediated gene transfer in the spinal cord of a feline model of motor neuron degeneration
National audienc
- âŠ