60 research outputs found
Accelerated inbreeding depression suggests synergistic epistasis for deleterious mutations in Drosophila melanogaster
Epistasis may have important consequences for a number of issues in quantitative genetics and evolutionary biology. In
particular, synergistic epistasis for deleterious alleles is relevant to the mutation load paradox and the evolution of sex and
recombination. Some studies have shown evidence of synergistic epistasis for spontaneous or induced deleterious mutations
appearing in mutation-accumulation experiments. However, many newly arising mutations may not actually be segregating
in natural populations because of the erasing action of natural selection. A demonstration of synergistic epistasis for naturally
segregating alleles can be achieved by means of inbreeding depression studies, as deleterious recessive allelic effects are
exposed in inbred lines. Nevertheless, evidence of epistasis from these studies is scarce and controversial. In this paper, we
report the results of two independent inbreeding experiments carried out with two different populations of Drosophila
melanogaster. The results show a consistent accelerated inbreeding depression for fitness, suggesting synergistic epistasis
among deleterious alleles. We also performed computer simulations assuming different possible models of epistasis and
mutational parameters for fitness, finding some of them to be compatible with the results observed. Our results suggest that
synergistic epistasis for deleterious mutations not only occurs among newly arisen spontaneous or induced mutations, but
also among segregating alleles in natural populationsWe acknowledge the support by Uvigo
Marine Research Centre funded by the âExcellence in Research
(INUGA)â Programme from the Regional Council of Culture, Education and Universities, with co-funding from the European Union
through the ERDF Operational Programme Galicia 2014-2020. This
work was funded by Agencia Estatal de InvestigacioÌn (AEI) (CGL2016-75904-C2-1-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2016-037) and
Fondos Feder: âUnha maneira de facer Europa.â SD was founded by a
predoctoral (FPI) grant from Ministerio de EconomĂa y
Competitividad, SpainS
Teste de condutividade elétrica para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de canola
Novel compounds with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative potency for growth control of testicular germ cell tumours
A serological, parasitological and clinical evaluation of untreated Chagas disease patients and those treated with benznidazole before and thirteen years after intervention
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The physiological responses of cacao to the environment and the implications for climate change resilience. A review
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a tropical perennial crop which is of great economic importance to the confectionary industry and to the economies of many countries of the humid tropics where it is grown. Some recent studies have suggested climate change could severely impact cacao production in West Africa. It is essential to incorporate our understanding of the physiology and genetic variation within cacao germplasm when discussing the implications of climate change on cacao productivity and developing strategies for climate resilience in cacao production.
Here we review the current research on the physiological responses of cacao to various climate factors. Our main findings are 1) water limitation causes significant yield reduction in cacao but genotypic variation in sensitivity is evident, 2) in the field cacao experiences higher temperatures than is often reported in the literature, 3) the complexity of the cacao/ shade tree interaction can lead to contradictory results, 4) elevated CO2 may alleviate some negative effects of climate change 5) implementation of mitigation strategies can help reduce environmental stress, 6) significant gaps in the research need addressing to accelerate the development of climate resilience. Harnessing the significant genetic variation apparent within cacao germplasm is essential to develop modern varieties capable of high yields in non-optimal conditions. Mitigation strategies will also be essential but to use shading to best effect shade tree selection is crucial to avoid resource competition. Cacao is often described as being sensitive to climate change but genetic variation, adaptive responses, appropriate mitigation strategies and interactive climate effects should all be considered when predicting the future of cacao production. Incorporating these physiological responses to various environmental conditions and developing a deeper understanding of the processes underlying these responses will help to accelerate the development of a more resource use efficient tree ensuring sustainable production into the future
Oral health conditions and frailty in Mexican community-dwelling elderly: a cross sectional analysis
Sub-acute administration of (S)-dimethyl 2-(3-(phenyltellanyl) propanamido) succinate induces toxicity and oxidative stress in mice: unexpected effects of N-acetylcysteine
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