Quand la fusion s’impose : la (re)naissance de l’université de Strasbourg

Cet article porte sur la fusion des trois universités de Strasbourg et s’intéresse aux acteurs qui l’ont conduite, ainsi qu’aux argumentaires qui l’ont justifiée. Cette fusion et le mouvement généralisé qu’elle a suscité au sein du système d’enseignement supérieur français représentent un changement institutionnel visant à mettre les universités françaises en conformité avec des normes organisationnelles présentées comme des normes mondiales. Il s’agit de comprendre par quels processus concrets cette évolution s’est produite et quel a été le rôle des entrepreneurs institutionnels qui l’ont portée. Cet article s’inscrit donc dans la lignée des travaux qui étudient les phénomènes de changement et renouvellent l’analyse néo-institutionnaliste des organisations, en réintroduisant notamment les notions d’agency, d’intérêts et de rapports de pouvoir.The article analyzes the merging of three Strasbourg universities, focusing in particular on the actors who promoted it and the arguments used to justify it. The merger and the larger movement it generated in the French higher education system amount to an institutional change aimed at making French universities conform to what are presented as international organizational standards. The point is to understand the concrete processes that gave rise to this change and the role played by the institutional entrepreneurs who wanted it to happen and made it happen. The article therefore contributes to institutional change studies and works to renew neo-institutional analysis of organizations, namely by reintroducing the notions of agency, interest and power relationships

Full particle orbit effects in regular and stochastic magnetic fields

We present a numerical study of charged particle motion in a time-independent magnetic field in cylindrical geometry. The magnetic field model consists of an unperturbed reversed-shear helical part and a perturbation consisting of a superposition of modes. Contrary to most of the previous studies, the particle trajectories are computed by directly solving the full Lorentz force equations of motion in a six-dimensional phase space using a sixth-order, implicit, symplectic Gauss-Legendre method. The level of stochasticity in the particle orbits is diagnosed using averaged, effective Poincare sections. It is shown that when only one mode is present the particle orbits can be stochastic even though the magnetic field line orbits are not stochastic. The lack of integrability of the particle orbits in this case is related to separatrix crossing and the breakdown of the global conservation of the magnetic moment. Some perturbation consisting of two modes creates resonance overlapping, leading to Hamiltonian chaos in magnetic field lines. Then, the particle orbits exhibit a nontrivial dynamics depending on their energy and pitch angle. It is shown that the regions where the particle motion is stochastic decrease as the energy increases. The non-monotonicity of the $q$-profile implies the existence of magnetic ITBs which correspond to shearless flux surfaces located in the vicinity of the $q$-profile minimum. It is shown that depending on the energy, these magnetic ITBs might or might not confine particles. That is, magnetic ITBs act as an energy-dependent particle confinement filter. Magnetic field lines in reversed-shear configurations exhibit topological bifurcations due to separatrix reconnection. We show that a similar but more complex scenario appears in the case of particle orbits that depends in a non-trivial way on the energy and pitch angle of the particles.Comment: 25 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Plasma

Determining the standard levels of some morphological and physiological requirements as an indicator for the selection of defenders in the Algerian football U19

This study aims to identify the most important morpho-functional measures and determinants through standards and tests and their relationship with the selection of football players under the age of 19 in the defensive position, so that coaches can realize the true value throughthis study and correct the previous mistakes based on observation and matches and their distance from the side for the selection of players whose results are certain and guaranteed. We first assumed that the level of morphological criteria of defensive players is characterized by an average level, on the other hand, that the level of physiological criteria is characterized by an average level, and for the purposes of investigation of the hypotheses, we have selected a sample composed of 90 defenders from different defensive positions representing 10 clubs active at the level of the Algerian first and second division (class under 19 years old) for football for the 2022/2023 sports season. They were chosen deliberately, and for this we used the descriptive approach, through which we collected data using the physical measurements necessary to determine morphological indicators (height, weight, mass index, musculoskeletal system and physiological tests, then statistical processing of the data). The research yielded the following results: The levels of defensive players (axial - right and left wingers) in measurement of height, weight, muscle mass index, shows the levels in favor of the good level and the average level compared to the physiological criteria. That is why we have recommended the use of physical measurements and physico- physiological tests during the selection and even in the orientation according to the play centers, in particular the lengths and the components of the body style and the preparation of training programs based on scientific bases and paying attention to young groups of young people at all levels

Development of some aerobic and anaerobic indicators in under-21 footballers using hypoxic training mask during the physical preparation period

This study aims to identify the effect of a training program using the hypoxic training mask on certain aerobic capacities (VMA, VO2max), on the effectiveness of the repetition rate (RSA), and on the explosive power of football players. The sample was deliberately selected and included 20 football players under the age of 21 from the Tiaret youth team, which plays in the second professional division. A total of 10 players were assigned to a control group and the other 10 players to an experimental group. The research used a series of physical tests that included VMA/VO2max intermittent yo-yo tests and RSA repetition rate efficiency tests, in addition to the explosive force tests using the MYOTEST device. The same training program was applied to the experimental and control groups, with the first one using the mask for 8 weeks. The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-measurement of the experimental and control groups in the measurement of aerobic and anaerobic capacities in favor of the experimental group, who wears the hypoxic mask. This underlines the importance of using modern technological means in the process of physical preparation and raising the level and efficiency of the players to reach the highest levels of achievement

Influence of Site Parameters on Fourier Amplification Application for 1D Linear Viscoelastic Method

We focus on the effect of site parameters, also called site proxies, on the variation of the amplification factor. This latter, named Fourier Amplification Factor (FAF) is defined as the ratio of the Fourier transform of the seismic motion at surface and at bedrock. For this study, the wave propagation theory is used limited to 1D linear viscoelastic domain. At this effect, a set of FAF, is established for a set of 858 real profiles. From there, the site parameters are also derived, it is necessary to mention that the FAF can be computed in independent manner of seismic signals which it is applicable only on linear domain.In Nuclear Power Industry application, the FAF is mostly used and can be approximated by limited number of site proxies. As the usual code practice implies a lower number of site proxies (generally 1, sometimes 2) as UBC97 or EC8, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the "best performing" site parameters. The results show that by far, using the six site proxies lead to a better prediction of FAF. However if we have to use one single site parameter, results show that the best one is the overall resonance frequency (f0). In the case when we intend to use two site parameters built from the average shear wave velocity over the upper 30 m (Vs30) and the resonance frequency (f0) which are preferred and give an important variance reduction superior than 61%. In the result, a new formula has been established

Development of some aerobic and anaerobic indicators in under-21 footballers using hypoxic training mask during the physical preparation period

This study aims to identify the effect of a training program using the hypoxic training mask on certain aerobic capacities (VMA, VO2max), on the effectiveness of the repetition rate (RSA), and on the explosive power of football players. The sample was deliberately selected and included 20 football players under the age of 21 from the Tiaret youth team, which plays in the second professional division. A total of 10 players were assigned to a control group and the other 10 players to an experimental group. The research used a series of physical tests that included VMA/VO2max intermittent yo-yo tests and RSA repetition rate efficiency tests, in addition to the explosive force tests using the MYOTEST device. The same training program was applied to the experimental and control groups, with the first one using the mask for 8 weeks. The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-measurement of the experimental and control groups in the measurement of aerobic and anaerobic capacities in favor of the experimental group, who wears the hypoxic mask. This underlines the importance of using modern technological means in the process of physical preparation and raising the level and efficiency of the players to reach the highest levels of achievement

Non regression testing for the JOREK code

Non Regression Testing (NRT) aims to check if software modifications result in undesired behaviour. Suppose the behaviour of the application previously known, this kind of test makes it possible to identify an eventual regression, a bug. Improving and tuning a parallel code can be a time-consuming and difficult task, especially whenever people from different scientific fields interact closely. The JOREK code aims at investing Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in a Tokamak plasma. This paper describes the NRT procedure that has been tuned for this simulation code. Automation of the NRT is one keypoint to keeping the code healthy in a source code repository.Comment: No. RR-8134 (2012