L’injustice et les animaux

Wittgenstein suggérait que les raisons en éthique sont comme les raisons en philosophie ou en esthétique. Elles « attirent votre attention sur une chose » ; « elles juxtaposent les choses » ; parfois, elles les dissocient. De telles raisons peuvent changer l’Anschauungsweise de quelqu’un, sa façon de voir les choses. Cet essai a pour objet la façon dont le concept d’injustice affecte le traitement que nous réservons aux animaux. Il a pour objet une manière de dissocier les choses et une manière de les juxtaposer : la dissociation de la justice et des droits, et la juxtaposition de nous-mêmes et des animaux en tant qu’êtres envers lesquels on peut se conduire de façon juste ou injuste.Reasons in ethics, Wittgenstein suggested, are like reasons in philosophy itself, or in aesthetics. They “draw your attention to a thing”; they “place things side by side”; sometimes they move things apart. Such reasons can change one’s Anschauungsweise, one’s way of viewing things. This essay is about how the concept of injustice bears on our treatment of animals. It is about one moving apart of things and one placing of things side by side: the moving apart of justice and rights, and the placing side by side of ourselves and animals as beings to whom justice or injustice may be done

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements