Le elezioni politiche del 13 maggio 2001. Un risultato maggioritario; un risultato nazionalizzato

L'offerta elettorale nel maggioritario: Casa delle libertà, Ulivo, "terze forze", candidature locale. Dentro le coalizioni: un'accresciuta istituzionalizzazione dei rapporti interni. La partecipazione elettorale: assestamento e convergenza territoriale. Un fenomeno in cerca di autore: il voto differenziato. Il voto maggioritario: un risultato netto ma elettoralmente tutt'altro che schiacciante. Il voto proporzionale: un panorama partitico profondamente mutato

Politica delle alleanze, bipolarizzazione, frammentazione: le tre parole chiave delle elezioni regionali del 16 aprile 2000

La struttura dell'offerta: una variabile decisiva. Il formarsi di coalizioni catch-all. La partecipazione elettorale: meno votanti, più voti di preferenza. La competizione maggioritaria: regioni "sicure"e regioni "marginali". E i partiti? Rapporti di forza infracoalizionali e geografia del voto proporzionale catch-all

Amministrative, regionali sarde e suppletive 2004: ancora sconfitte per il centro-destra

Le elezione comunali nei 30 capoluoghi. Il centro-sinistra riconquista Bologna. Le elezioni provinciali. Il centro-destra perde Milano. Le elezioni regionali sarde: il successo di Soru. Le elezioni politiche suppletive: il centro-sinistra

Fra elezioni regionali e elezioni politiche: l'interludio amministrativo e referendario del 2000

Assieme alle elezioni regionali – l'evento elettorale più importante dell'anno sul quale si rimanda al precedente numero dei Quaderni - il 16 aprile 2000 si sono svolte 6 elezioni provinciali e 490 elezioni comunali (79 in comuni con oltre 15.000 abitanti, fra i quali 10 capoluoghi di provincia; 471 in comuni minori). In cinque delle sei province e in 53 dei 79 comuni con oltre 15.000 abitanti (fra i quali 9 comuni capoluogo di provincia) si è tornati alle urne due settimane più tardi per eleggere al ballottaggio presidenti di provincia e sindaci. Il 21 maggio l'intero corpo elettorale è stato invece convocato per rispondere con un "Sì" o con un "No" a sette quesiti abrogativi relativi a temi di carattere elettorale (rimborso spese elettorali; sistema elettorale per la Camera; sistema elettorale per il Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura), giudiziario (ordinamento giudiziario; incarichi extragiudiziari dei magistrati) e giuslavoristico (disciplina dei licenziamenti; trattenute associative e sindacali tramite gli enti previdenziali). Altre tornate di voto, più circoscritte per numero di unità amministrative e ambito territoriale, si sono svolte in maggio e in novembre. Il 7 maggio si è votato nei 68 comuni valdostani, capoluogo compreso; il 14 maggio in 321 comuni trentini ed alto-atesini, tra i quali Bolzano; il 12 novembre in 4 piccoli comuni trentini; il 26 novembre in 19 comuni siciliani, tra i quali Enna

Elezioni locali e regionali 2001. Effetto 13 maggio?

Il voto comunale. I nuovi sindaci. Le elezioni provinciali. Le elezioni regionali di Molise e Sicilia. Il referendum confermativo del 7 ottobre: disimpegno dei partiti, disinteresse degli elettori

45S5 Bioglass® concentrations modulate the release of vancomycin hydrochloride from gelatin-starch films: evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic effects

The aim of this work was to evaluate the release profile of vancomycinhydrochloride (VC), as well as the degradation, in vitro antistaphylococcal effect and cytotoxicity in MG-63 osteoblast-like cells of gelatin–starch (GS) films added with different concentrations of microparticles of the bioactive glass 45S5 (m-BG). The biomaterials were obtained through the gel-casting method. Four different composites were prepared at four different weight percentages of m-BG: 0, 5, 10, and 15 %. Glutaraldehyde 0.25 wt% (GA) was used as the cross-linker. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the in vitro degradation of the filmswas studied bymeasuring thewater uptake and weight loss. The drug release kinetics was quantified spectrophotometrically. The inhibition zone test and the plate count method were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the samples. Three staphylococcus strains were evaluated: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, S. aureus ATCC29213, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. Cytotoxicity effects were evaluatedthrough the MTT assay.The addition of m-BG to GS films showedno effects on the amount of water uptake, but led to an increase in the weight loss over time, even with m-BG content. The release rate of VC was also affected by the increasing concentration of m-BG in the composite films.However, the antibacterial effects of the composites were not improved by this modulation. All composites strongly inhibited staphylococcal cells with similar strength. On the other hand, liquid extracts from the composites resultedin cytotoxic effects onMG-63 osteoblastlike cells due to the presence of GA, but not to the concentration of VC or m-BG.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Transferrin-Conjugated SNALPs Encapsulating 2 -O-Methylated miR-34a for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

Stable nucleic acid lipid vesicles (SNALPs) encapsulating miR-34a to treat multiple myeloma (MM) were developed. Wild type or completely 2 -O-methylated (OMet) MiR-34a was used in this study. Moreover, SNALPs were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) in order to target MM cells overexpressing transferrin receptors (TfRs). The type of miR-34a chemical backbone did not significantly affect the characteristics of SNALPs in terms of mean size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, while the encapsulation of an OMet miR-34a resulted in a significant increase of miRNA encapsulation into the SNALPs. On the other hand, the chemical conjugation of SNALPs with Tf resulted in a significant decrease of the zeta potential, while size characteristics and miR-34a encapsulation into SNALPs were not significantly affected. In an experimental model of MM, all the animals treated with SNALPs encapsulating miR-34a showed a significant inhibition of the tumor growth. However, the use of SNALPs conjugated with Tf and encapsulating OMet miR-34a resulted in the highest increase of mice survival. These results may represent the proof of concept for the use of SNALPs encapsulating miR-34a for the treatment of MM

Acute diverticulitis management: evolving trends among Italian surgeons. A survey of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR)

Acute diverticulitis (AD) is associated with relevant morbidity/mortality and is increasing worldwide, thus becoming a major issue for national health systems. AD may be challenging, as clinical relevance varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic picture to life-threatening conditions, with continuously evolving diagnostic tools, classifications, and management. A 33-item-questionnaire was administered to residents and surgeons to analyze the actual clinical practice and to verify the real spread of recent recommendations, also by stratifying surgeons by experience. CT-scan remains the mainstay of AD assessment, including cases presenting with recurrent mild episodes or women of child-bearing age. Outpatient management of mild AD is slowly gaining acceptance. A conservative management is preferred in non-severe cases with extradigestive air or small/non-radiologically drainable abscesses. In severe cases, a laparoscopic approach is preferred, with a non-negligible number of surgeons confident in performing emergency complex procedures. Surgeons are seemingly aware of several options during emergency surgery for AD, since the rate of Hartmann procedures does not exceed 50% in most environments and damage control surgery is spreading in life-threatening cases. Quality of life and history of complicated AD are the main indications for delayed colectomy, which is mostly performed avoiding the proximal vessel ligation, mobilizing the splenic flexure and performing a colorectal anastomosis. ICG is spreading to check anastomotic stumps' vascularization. Differences between the two experience groups were found about the type of investigation to exclude colon cancer (considering the experience only in terms of number of colectomies performed), the size of the peritoneal abscess to be drained, practice of damage control surgery and the attitude towards colovesical fistula

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice