Bony sclerosis and the battered child

A case of child battering in a four monthold infant is presented. In additional to typical physical and radiographic findings isolated sclerosis of the left tibia is described. Diffuse bony sclerosis in battered children has been proposed as evidence for an underlying metaphyseal fragility. Similar sclerosis in an isolated bone in our case suggests that the diffuse bony sclerosis seen in some of these battered children may reflect a more widespread posttraumatic change and not a basic metabolic defect. A radionuclide bone scan was also normal in this patient.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46800/1/256_2004_Article_BF00364627.pd

An Evaluation of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Perceived Social Distancing Policies in Relation to Planning, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy Meals: An Observational Study in 38 Countries Worldwide

Objectives: To examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods: Using cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 36.7 SD 14.8, 77% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Increases in planning (4.7 SD 1.3, 4.9 SD 1.3), selecting (3.6 SD 1.7, 3.7 SD 1.7), and preparing (4.6 SD 1.2, 4.7 SD 1.3) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability and stay-at-home policies. Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men. Financial stress was a barrier and enabler depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p < 0.01). Conclusion: Stay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy. Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens. Copyright 2021 De Backer, Teunissen, Cuykx, Decorte, Pabian, Gerritsen, Matthys, Al Sabbah, Van Royen and the Corona Cooking Survey Study Group.This research was funded by the Research Foundation Flanders (G047518N) and Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship (HBC.2018.0397). These funding sources had no role in the design of the study, the analysis and interpretation of the data or the writing of, nor the decision to publish the manuscript.Scopu

Two-dimensional insertable separation tool (TWIST) for flow confinement in spatial separations

Spatial comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (xLC×xLC) may be an efficient approach to achieve high peak capacities in relatively short analysis times, thanks to parallel second-dimension separations [1,2]. A key issue to reach the potential of xLC×xLC is to achieve adequate flow control and confinement of the analytes to the desired regions, i.e. confinement in the first-dimension direction and subsequently homogeneous flow in the second dimension. To achieve these goals we propose the TWIST concept (TWo-dimensional Insertable Separation Tool), a modular device that includes an internal first-dimension (1D) part that is cylindrical and rotatable. This internal part features a series of through-holes, each of which is perpendicular to the direction of the 1D flow. The internal part is inserted in the cylindrical casing of the external part. The internal diameter of the casing is marginally larger than the external diameter of the internal part. The external part also comprises a flow distributor and second-dimension (2D) channels. During the 1D injection and development, the channel is placed in a position where the through-holes are facing the wall of the external part, such that the liquid remains confined within the 1D channel. Thereafter, to realize the transfer to the second dimension (2D injection), the 1D channel is rotated, so that the holes of the internal part are aligned with the holes on the external part, allowing a transversal flow of the 2D mobile phase from the distributor through the 1D channel and eventually into the 2D area

Optimization and evaluation of radially interconnected versus bifurcating flow distributors using computational fluid dynamics modelling

Two main groups of flow distributors, viz. "bifurcating distributors" (BF) and "radially interconnected distributors" (RI), as well as some hybrid distributors were investigated. Computational fluid dynamics was used to evaluate the performance of the distributors and to establish the design yielding the most uniform velocity field and the smallest variance for the bands emerging from the distributor. A minimum channel width of 100 mu m was considered to allow the use of micro-milling techniques for chip fabrication. The main factors that influenced the values of band variances were identified. The performance of the distributors was found to correlate most strongly with the volume of the flow distributors. The separation bed should be positioned immediately after, but not against the flow distributor. It was concluded that BF distributors perform best in terms of band variance. The values of band variances for the BF distributor decreased with increasing angle between bifurcation branches and the lowest value of about 0.01 mm(2) was found for alpha =175 degrees. Both BF and RI flow distributors were found to perform reasonably well when imperfections were present in the structure. However, severe blockages (exceeding 75% of the cross-sectional area and length) of channels in, especially, BF flow distributors may jeopardize their performance. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved