11 research outputs found
Revisiting the Design Patterns of Composite Visualizations
Composite visualization is a popular design strategy that represents complex
datasets by integrating multiple visualizations in a meaningful and aesthetic
layout, such as juxtaposition, overlay, and nesting. With this strategy,
numerous novel designs have been proposed in visualization publications to
accomplish various visual analytic tasks. These well-crafted composite
visualizations have formed a valuable collection for designers and researchers
to address real-world problems and inspire new research topics and designs.
However, there is a lack of understanding of design patterns of composite
visualization, thus failing to provide holistic design space and concrete
examples for practical use. In this paper, we opted to revisit the composite
visualizations in VIS publications and answered what and how visualizations of
different types are composed together. To achieve this, we first constructed a
corpus of composite visualizations from IEEE VIS publications and decomposed
them into a series of basic visualization types (e.g., bar chart, map, and
matrix). With this corpus, we studied the spatial (e.g., separated or
overlaying) and semantic relationships (e.g., with same types or shared axis)
between visualizations and proposed a taxonomy consisting of eight different
design patterns (e.g., repeated, stacked, accompanied, and nested).
Furthermore, we analyzed and discussed common practices of composite
visualizations, such as the distribution of different patterns and correlations
between visualization types. From the analysis and examples, we obtained
insights into different design patterns on the utilities, advantages, and
disadvantages. Finally, we developed an interactive system to help
visualization developers and researchers conveniently explore collected
examples and design patterns
KB4VA: A Knowledge Base of Visualization Designs for Visual Analytics
Visual analytics (VA) systems have been widely used to facilitate
decision-making and analytical reasoning in various application domains. VA
involves visual designs, interaction designs, and data mining, which is a
systematic and complex paradigm. In this work, we focus on the design of
effective visualizations for complex data and analytical tasks, which is a
critical step in designing a VA system. This step is challenging because it
requires extensive knowledge about domain problems and visualization to design
effective encodings. Existing visualization designs published in top venues are
valuable resources to inspire designs for problems with similar data structures
and tasks. However, those designs are hard to understand, parse, and retrieve
due to the lack of specifications. To address this problem, we build KB4VA, a
knowledge base of visualization designs in VA systems with comprehensive labels
about their analytical tasks and visual encodings. Our labeling scheme is
inspired by a workshop study with 12 VA researchers to learn user requirements
in understanding and retrieving professional visualization designs in VA
systems. The theme extends Vega-Lite specifications for describing advanced and
composited visualization designs in a declarative manner, thus facilitating
human understanding and automatic indexing. To demonstrate the usefulness of
our knowledge base, we present a user study about design inspirations for VA
tasks. In summary, our work opens new perspectives for enhancing the
accessibility and reusability of professional visualization designs
DataSheet1_Aryl acrylonitriles synthesis enabled by palladium-catalyzed α-alkenylation of arylacetonitriles with vinyl halides/triflates.pdf
Aryl acrylonitriles are an important subclass of acrylonitriles in the medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industry. Herein, an efficient synthesis of aryl acrylonitrile derivatives using a Palladium/NIXANTPHOS-based catalyst system was developed. This approach furnishes a variety of substituted and functionalized aryl acrylonitriles (up to 95% yield). The scalability of the transformation and the synthetic versatility of aryl acrylonitrile were demonstrated.</p
Total marrow lymphoid irradiation IMRT treatment using a novel CT-linac
Abstract Background A novel CT-linac (kilovolt fan-beam CT-linac) has been introduced into total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) treatment. Its integrated kilovolt fan-beam CT (kV FBCT) can be used not only for image guidance (IGRT) but also to re-calculate the dose. Purpose This study reported our clinical routine on performing TMIL treatment on the CT-linac, as well as dose distribution comparison between planned and re-calculated based on IGRT FBCT image sets. Methods 11 sets of data from 5 male and 6 female patients who had underwent the TMLI treatment with uRT-linac 506c were selected for this study. The planning target volumes consist of all skeletal bones exclusion of the mandible and lymphatic sanctuary sites. A planned dose of 10 Gy was prescribed to all skeletal bones exclusion of the mandible in two fractions and 12 Gy in two fractions was prescribed to lymphatic sanctuary sites. Each TMLI plan contained two sub-plans, one dynamic IMRT for the upper body and the other VMAT for the lower extremity. Two attempts were made to obtain homogeneous dose in the overlapping region, i.e., applying two plans with different isocenters for the treatment of two fractions, and using a dose gradient matching scheme. The CT scans, including planning CT and IGRT FBCT, were stitched to a whole body CT scan for dose distribution evaluation. Results The average beam-on time of Planupper is 30.6 min, ranging from 24.9 to 37.5 min, and the average beam-on time of Planlower is 6.3 min, ranging from 5.7 to 8.2 min. For the planned dose distribution, the 94.79% of the PTVbone is covered by the prescription dose of 10 Gy (V10), and the 94.68% of the PTVlymph is covered by the prescription dose of 12 Gy (V12). For the re-calculated dose distribution, the 92.17% of the PTVbone is covered by the prescription dose of 10 Gy (V10), and the 90.07% of the PTVlymph is covered by the prescription dose of 12 Gy (V12). The results showed that there is a significant difference (p  0.05) between planned dose and re-calculated dose on selected organs, except for right lens (p < 0.05, Dmax). The actual delivered maximum dose of right lens is apparently larger than the planned dose of it. Conclusion TMLI treatment can be performed on the CT-linac with clinical acceptable quality and high efficiency. Evaluation of the recalculated dose on IGRT FBCT suggests the treatment was delivered with adequate target coverage