NewSpace: a place, not just a platform, for a critical pedagogy of journalism

The traditional approach to curriculum development in journalism practice has been the simulation model. Identify what 'real' newsrooms do and emulate it. The approach presented here both inverts and subverts this tradition and starts with a theoretical model which is then applied to journalism practice. In this paper, building on Michael de Wall's earlier articulation of Freirean critical pedagogy, we configure a curriculum which accounts for new and emerging technologies, while attempting to short circuit the disconnections of a techno-centric reality that is primarily virtual, by creating an authentic learning community

Selective and highly efficient dye scavenging by a pH-responsive molecular hydrogelator

A structurally simple low molecular weight hydrogelator derived from isophthalic acid forms robust pH-responsive hydrogels capable of highly efficient and selective dye adsorption

Context matters: combined influence of participation and intellectual stimulation on the promotion-focus/employee creativity relationship

In this paper, we examined the interactive effects of two contexts — participation and intellectual stimulation, and promotion focus on creativity. On the basis of a multi-organization sample of 213 employees, we tested and found that although promotion focus was positively related to creativity, the relationship between promotion focus and creativity was most positive when both participation and leader intellectual stimulation were high. We discuss the way contexts in combination influence employee creativity for promotion-oriented individuals, through increasing decision latitude as well as stimulating and promoting creativity

UK views towards breastfeeding in public: an analysis of the public's response to the Claridge’s incident

Background: The embarrassment UK mothers experience when breastfeeding in public has often been cited as a key factor in the decision of the mother to discontinue breastfeeding. There is convincing evidence that many UK residents are not comfortable with women breastfeeding in public; however, little is known about the underlying reasons for this discomfort. Objective: To assess views on breastfeeding in public in the United Kingdom and to understand why some UK residents object to this practice. Methods: The comment sections of news media websites and parenting forums were systematically identified and reviewed for statements made in response to an incident widely reported in the British press: a woman was asked to cover up while breastfeeding in public at Claridge’s, a London luxury hotel. Of these, 805 comments (73,108 words) met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analyzed. Results: The majority of commenters were supportive of “discreet” breastfeeding in public, but a significant portion felt that breastfeeding in public is always inappropriate. Sexualization of the breast was mainly evoked as something others may experience while viewing a breastfeeding mother, rather than to reflect the commenters' own views. Common justifications cited against breastfeeding in public were onlookers’ embarrassment (not knowing where to look) and disgust (at bodily fluids and/or functions). Conclusion: Campaigns portraying breastfeeding in public as normal and desirable with a focus on human milk as food rather than a bodily fluid may improve societal acceptance of breastfeeding in public. Keywords: Breastfeeding; public

Potential benefits of an adaptive forward collision warning system

Forward collision warning (FCW) systems can reduce rear-end vehicle collisions. However, if the presentation of warnings is perceived as mistimed, trust in the system is diminished and drivers become less likely to respond appropriately. In this driving simulator investigation, 45 drivers experienced two FCW systems: a non-adaptive and an adaptive FCW that adjusted the timing of its alarms according to each individual driver’s reaction time. Whilst all drivers benefited in terms of improved safety from both FCW systems, non-aggressive drivers (low sensation seeking, long followers) did not display a preference to the adaptive FCW over its non-adaptive equivalent. Furthermore, there was little evidence to suggest that the non-aggressive drivers’ performance differed with either system. Benefits of the adaptive system were demonstrated for aggressive drivers (high sensation seeking, short followers). Even though both systems reduced their likelihood of a crash to a similar extent, the aggressive drivers rated each FCW more poorly than their non-aggressive contemporaries. However, this group, with their greater risk of involvement in rear-end collisions, reported a preference for the adaptive system as they found it less irritating and stress-inducing. Achieving greater acceptance and hence likely use of a real system is fundamental to good quality FCW design

Multivariate proteomic profiling identifies novel accessory proteins of coated vesicles.

Despite recent advances in mass spectrometry, proteomic characterization of transport vesicles remains challenging. Here, we describe a multivariate proteomics approach to analyzing clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) from HeLa cells. siRNA knockdown of coat components and different fractionation protocols were used to obtain modified coated vesicle-enriched fractions, which were compared by stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative mass spectrometry. 10 datasets were combined through principal component analysis into a "profiling" cluster analysis. Overall, 136 CCV-associated proteins were predicted, including 36 new proteins. The method identified >93% of established CCV coat proteins and assigned >91% correctly to intracellular or endocytic CCVs. Furthermore, the profiling analysis extends to less well characterized types of coated vesicles, and we identify and characterize the first AP-4 accessory protein, which we have named tepsin. Finally, our data explain how sequestration of TACC3 in cytosolic clathrin cages causes the severe mitotic defects observed in auxilin-depleted cells. The profiling approach can be adapted to address related cell and systems biological questions

Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Pulmonary Inflammation and Injury Induced by Pneumolysin in Mice

Background: Pneumolysin (PLN) is an intracellular toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has been implicated as a major virulence factor in infections caused by this pathogen. Conserved bacterial motifs are recognized by the immune system by pattern recognition receptors among which the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) prominently features. The primary objective of the present study was to determine the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in lung inflammation induced by intrapulmonary delivery of PLN. Methodology/Results: First, we confirmed that purified PLN activates cells via TLR4 (not via TLR2) in vitro, using human embryonic kidney cells transfected with either TLR2 or TLR4. Intranasal administration of PLN induced an inflammatory response in the pulmonary compartment of mice in vivo, as reflected by influx of neutrophils, release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and a rise in total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These PLN-induced responses were dependent in part, not only on TLR4, but also on TLR2, as indicated by studies using TLR deficient mice. Conclusion: These data suggest that although purified PLN is recognized by TLR4 in vitro, PLN elicits lung inflammation i

Proliferação de mastócitos em felinos. Imunomarcação para CD117 e MMP-9

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaExistem, no gato, várias formas de proliferação anormal de mastócitos na pele e noutros tecidos. Embora em alguns casos se trate indubitavelmente de neoplasias, outros há que podem corresponder a reacções de hipersensibilidade. Opostamente ao cão, não há um sistema de classificação nos felinos que permita prever a evolução clínica, embora, normalmente, se tratem de processos benignos. No presente estudo, procurou-se caracterizar vários casos de mastocitoma cutâneo, extracutâneo, mastocitose cutânea e sistémica, para alguns parâmetros epidemiológicos, clínicos e histiopatológicos, comparando estes dados com o que foi observado anteriormente noutros estudos. Recorreu-se a métodos de imunohistoquímica para a proteína de membrana ckit (CD117) e para a metaloproteinase MMP-9 de modo a definir a sua utilidade como indicadores de prognóstico, à semelhança do que foi feito para o cão. Verificaram-se poucas diferenças entre esta amostra e estudos recentes e concluiu-se que o padrão de expressão da marcação para c-kit pode realmente ser indicativo do comportamento biológico destes tumores. Quanto à marcação para a MMP-9 não foi possível tirar idênticas conclusões.ABSTRACT - FELINE MAST CELL PROLIFERATION. CD117 AND MMP-9 IMMUNOSTAINING - In the cat there are different forms of abnormal mast cell proliferation in the skin and other tissues. Even though some may undoubtedly be viewed as neoplasia, there are others that might as well be considered a mere hypersensitivity reaction. Contrarily to the dog, there is no classification system that helps to predict the outcome of these lesions, even thought they are normally benign. In the present study, some epidemiologic, clinical and histopathologic parameters were characterized for cases of mast cell tumors of the skin, non cutaneous mast cell tumors, systemic mastocytosis and cutaneous mastocytosis, comparing this data to what has been observed in previous studies. Immunohistochemistry methods were also used to identify the membrane protein c-kit and MMP-9 in order to estimate their usefulness as prognostic tools in the same way they are used in dogs. Few differences were seen between this data and recent studies. It was concluded that the expression pattern of c-kit may indeed be linked to the biologic behavior of these tumors. As for the immunostaining of MMP-9, it was not possible to achieve such conclusions

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin-6 in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is considered to be an end-target cell for the effects of mediators released during airway wall inflammation. Several reports suggest that activated ASM may be capable of generating various proinflammatory cytokines. We investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, on cultured human ASM cells by examining the expression and release of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, cell proliferation, and the expression pattern of c-fos and c-jun, two nuclear proto-oncogenes constituting the activator protein-1 transcription factor. Growth-arrested cell monolayers were stimulated with human recombinant TNF-alpha in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. TNF-alpha stimulated the expression of IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), which was detected after 15 min, reaching a maximum at 1 h. IL-6 protein was readily detected in ASM cell-conditioned medium after 2 h of TNF-alpha stimulation. Protein levels increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Release of IL-6 elicited by TNF-alpha was significantly inhibited by dexamethasone, cycloheximide, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). TNF-alpha did not alter DNA biosynthesis up to 48 h or cell numbers up to 120 h. Northern blot analysis of proto-oncogene expression revealed that c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were elevated after 30 min of TNF-alpha incubation with maximum levels at 1 h and 45 min, respectively. Expression of c-fos mRNA was downregulated by NDGA. Four hours of TNF-alpha treatment resulted in translocation of c-jun immunofluorescence from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in human ASM cells. Our results suggest that despite the lack of a mitogenic response to TNF-alpha, upregulation of primary response genes in human ASM cells may account for the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, in human airways