Búfalo: animal de tração.

bitstream/item/33611/1/documento-173.pd

Estudo da curva de crescimento de bubalinos da raça Murrah criados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Objetivou-se identificar um modelo, dentre oito citados na literatura, que melhor descreva a curva de crescimento de bubalinos da raça Murrah criados no estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizadas informações de 42 machos e 48 fêmeas da raça Murrah, nascidos entre 2009 e 2011, totalizando 624 pares de registros peso-idade do nascimento até 750 dias de idades. Os parâmetros dos modelos foram estimados por meio de regressão não-linear pelo procedimento NLIN (SAS system), utilizando-se o método de Gauss Newton. Os critérios para a escolha do melhor ajuste foram: o quadrado médio dos resíduos (QMR), o desvio médio absoluto (DMA), o índice e a avaliação visual do gráfico dos valores observados e estimados. Com base no do QMR, DMA e o índice, constatou-se que o modelo Richards (1959) apresentou melhor ajuste, seguido pelo modelo Von Bertalanffy (1957). Com isto, o modelo Richards (1959) dentre os testados foi capaz de descrever o crescimento de búfalos da raça Murrah criados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Functional Active Microbiome in Supragingival Biofilms in Health and Caries

The oral microbiome is unique at inter and intra-individual levels at various sites due to physical and biological factors. This study aimed to compare the bacterial composition of supragingival biofilms collected from enamel sites with different caries activity, from active and inactive-caries subjects, and from caries-free (CF) subjects. Twenty-two individuals (aged between 13 and 76 years old; med = 23.5 years old) were allocated into 3 groups: caries-active (CA) (n = 10), caries-inactive (CI) (n = 6), and CF (n = 6). From the CA group, 3 sites were sampled: CA (active non-cavitated lesion), CI (inactive non-cavitated lesion), and sound enamel surface (S). From the subjects of the CI group, biofilm from a CI lesion was collected (INCL), while for the CF subjects, a pool of biofilm from sound enamel surfaces was sampled. The total RNA was extracted, and cDNA libraries were prepared and pairedend sequenced (Illumina HiSeq 3,000). Final dental biofilm samples analysed from CA was 16 (ANCL-CA = 6, INCL-CA = 4, S-CA = 6); from CI, 3 (INCL-CI = 3); and from CF, 6 (S-CF = 6) (some samples were lost by insufficient genetic material). Read sequences were processed and analysed using the Metagenomics RAST server. High-quality sequences (3,542,190) were clustered into operational taxonomic units (97% identity; SILVA SSU), representing 915 genera belonging to 29 phyla (higher abundant: Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria). The presence of a core microbiome was observed (123 shared genera). The alpha diversity analysis showed less bacterial diversity in disease (S-CA) compared to health (S-CF). The dominant genera included Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Veillonella, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Eubacterium, and Neisseria. Veillonella and Leptotrichia were related with disease and Prevotella with health. Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Actinomyces clustered together presenting high abundance in health and disease. The Metric Multidimensional Scaling Ordination analysis shows that sites from active subjects (ANCL-CA, INCL-CA, and S-CA) are closer to each other than either INCL-CI subjects or S-CF subjects. In conclusion, supragingival bacterial communities presented intra-individual similarities, but inter-individual diversity and difference in bacterial composition reveal that the subject’s caries activity status matters more than sites

Mental health problems and smoking among adolescents from Southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between mental health problems and smoking in adolescents. METHODS: A total of 4,325 adolescents aged 15 from the 1993 birth cohort of the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, was studied. Smoking was defined as having smoked one or more cigarettes in the previous 30 days. Mental health was assessed according to the total score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Score >; 20 points was considered positive. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with adjustment for robust variance. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence was 6.0% and about 30% of the adolescents presented some mental health problem. In the crude analysis, the prevalence ratio for smoking was 3.3 (95%CI 2.5; 4.2). After the adjusted analysis (for sex, age, skin color, family income, mother's level of schooling, group of friends who smoke, employment in the previous year, school failure, physical activity during leisure time and experimental use of alcohol), it decreased to 1.7 (95%CI 1.2; 2.3) among those with mental health problem. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health problems in adolescence may be related to tobacco consumption.OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre problemas de saúde mental e uso de tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 4.325 adolescentes de 15 anos da coorte de nascimentos de 1993 da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Tabagismo foi definido como fumar um ou mais cigarros nos últimos 30 dias. Saúde mental foi avaliada de acordo com o escore total do questionário Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire e escore maior ou igual a 20 pontos foi considerado como positivo. Os dados foram analisados por regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto para variância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tabagismo foi 6,0% e cerca de 30% dos adolescentes apresentaram algum tipo de problema de saúde mental. Na análise bruta, a razão de prevalências para tabagismo foi de 3,3 (IC95% 2,5; 4,2). Após ajuste (para sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda familiar, escolaridade da mãe, grupo de amigos fumantes, trabalho no último ano, repetência escolar, atividade física de lazer e uso experimental de bebida alcoólica), diminuiu para 1,7 (IC95% 1,2; 2,3) entre aqueles com problemas de saúde mental. CONCLUSÕES: Problemas de saúde mental na adolescência podem ter relação com o consumo de tabaco.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre problemas de salud mental y uso de cigarro en adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 4.325 adolescentes de 15 años de la cohorte de nacimientos de 1993 de la ciudad de Pelotas, Sur de Brasil. Tabaquismo fue definido como fumar uno o más cigarros en los últimos 30 días. Salud mental fue evaluada de acuerdo con el escore total del cuestionario Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire y escore mayor o igual a 20 puntos fue considerado como positivo. Los datos fueron analizados por regresión de Poisson, con ajuste robusto para varianza. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue 6,0% y cerca de 30% de los adolescentes presentaron algún tipo de problema de salud mental. En el análisis bruto, la tasa de prevalencias de problema de tabaquismo de 3,3 (IC95% 2,5;4,2). Posterior al ajuste para sexo, edad, color de la piel, renta familiar, escolaridad de la madre, grupo de amigos fumadores, trabajo en el último año, repitencia escolar, actividad física de ocio y uso experimental de bebida alcohólica, disminuyó a 1,7 (IC95% 1,2;2,3) entre aquellos con problemas de salud mental. CONCLUSIONES: Problemas de salud mental en la adolescencia pueden tener relación con el consumo de tabaco

The quest for the solar g modes

Solar gravity modes (or g modes) -- oscillations of the solar interior for which buoyancy acts as the restoring force -- have the potential to provide unprecedented inference on the structure and dynamics of the solar core, inference that is not possible with the well observed acoustic modes (or p modes). The high amplitude of the g-mode eigenfunctions in the core and the evanesence of the modes in the convection zone make the modes particularly sensitive to the physical and dynamical conditions in the core. Owing to the existence of the convection zone, the g modes have very low amplitudes at photospheric levels, which makes the modes extremely hard to detect. In this paper, we review the current state of play regarding attempts to detect g modes. We review the theory of g modes, including theoretical estimation of the g-mode frequencies, amplitudes and damping rates. Then we go on to discuss the techniques that have been used to try to detect g modes. We review results in the literature, and finish by looking to the future, and the potential advances that can be made -- from both data and data-analysis perspectives -- to give unambiguous detections of individual g modes. The review ends by concluding that, at the time of writing, there is indeed a consensus amongst the authors that there is currently no undisputed detection of solar g modes.Comment: 71 pages, 18 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics Revie