Twee leeuwen, een kruis:De rol van katholieke culturele kringen in de Vlaams-Nederlandse verstandhouding (1830-ca. 1900)

Which were the cultural borders of the Dutch-speaking Catholicism between 1830 and the end of the nineteenth century? To what extent were the Netherlands situated within the ‘mental space’ of the Flemish Catholics and, vice versa, how much was Flanders a part of the cultural horizons of the Dutch Catholics? Or put differently: what was the answer of the nineteenth-century Catholics to the burning question whether the Netherlands and Flanders share the same language and culture? Starting point of these research questions is the observation, already emphasised in the existing literature, that the Dutch and the Flemish cultures started to distinguish themselves in the course of the nineteenth century while undergoing a process of (re)definition of the mutual ‘cultural borders’. In Dagnino’s work, the position of the Catholic culture is scrutinised within this general scope. Drawing on three Dutch (J.G. le Sage ten Broek, J.A. Alberdingk Thijm, the ultramontane triad Schaepman-Brouwers-Nuyens) and three Flemish/Belgian case studies (J.B. David and the ‘spelling war’, Guido Gezelle and the Western-Flemish ‘particularism’, the Gothic Revival group Gilde de Saint Thomas et Saint Luc), Dagnino focuses on processes of reciprocal conceptualisation within the Low Countries in the fields of language, literature, history, art and architecture, but also contributes to a better understanding of the cultural and social emancipation of both the Catholic part of the Dutch population and of the Flemish Movement within the context of the Belgian state

Twee leeuwen, een kruis:De rol van katholieke culturele kringen in de Vlaams-Nederlandse verstandhouding (1830-ca. 1900)

Which were the cultural borders of the Dutch-speaking Catholicism between 1830 and the end of the nineteenth century? To what extent were the Netherlands situated within the ‘mental space’ of the Flemish Catholics and, vice versa, how much was Flanders a part of the cultural horizons of the Dutch Catholics? Or put differently: what was the answer of the nineteenth-century Catholics to the burning question whether the Netherlands and Flanders share the same language and culture? Starting point of these research questions is the observation, already emphasised in the existing literature, that the Dutch and the Flemish cultures started to distinguish themselves in the course of the nineteenth century while undergoing a process of (re)definition of the mutual ‘cultural borders’. In Dagnino’s work, the position of the Catholic culture is scrutinised within this general scope. Drawing on three Dutch (J.G. le Sage ten Broek, J.A. Alberdingk Thijm, the ultramontane triad Schaepman-Brouwers-Nuyens) and three Flemish/Belgian case studies (J.B. David and the ‘spelling war’, Guido Gezelle and the Western-Flemish ‘particularism’, the Gothic Revival group Gilde de Saint Thomas et Saint Luc), Dagnino focuses on processes of reciprocal conceptualisation within the Low Countries in the fields of language, literature, history, art and architecture, but also contributes to a better understanding of the cultural and social emancipation of both the Catholic part of the Dutch population and of the Flemish Movement within the context of the Belgian state

Fine-scale thermohaline ocean structure retrieved with 2-D prestack full-waveform inversion of multichannel seismic data: Application to the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberia)

18 pages, 9 figures, supporting information https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011844This work demonstrates the feasibility of 2-D time-domain, adjoint-state acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to retrieve high-resolution models of ocean physical parameters such as sound speed, temperature and salinity. The proposed method is first described and then applied to prestack multichannel seismic (MCS) data acquired in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberia) in 2007 in the framework of the Geophysical Oceanography project. The inversion strategy flow includes specifically designed data preconditioning for acoustic noise reduction, followed by the inversion of sound speed in the shotgather domain. We show that the final sound speed model has a horizontal resolution of ∼ 70 m, which is two orders of magnitude better than that of the initial model constructed with coincident eXpendable Bathy Thermograph (XBT) data, and close to the theoretical resolution of O(λ). Temperature (T) and salinity (S) are retrieved with the same lateral resolution as sound speed by combining the inverted sound speed model with the thermodynamic equation of seawater and a local, depth-dependent T-S relation derived from regional conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) measurements of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) database. The comparison of the inverted T and S models with XBT and CTD casts deployed simultaneously to the MCS acquisition shows that the thermohaline contrasts are resolved with an accuracy of 0.18oC for temperature and 0.08 PSU for salinity. The combination of oceanographic and MCS data into a common, pseudo-automatic inversion scheme allows to quantitatively resolve submeso-scale features that ought to be incorporated into larger-scale ocean models of oceans structure and circulationThe work has been partially supported by the projects KALEIDOSCOPE and CO-Dos financed by REPSOL and MINECO project POSEIDON (CTM2010-21569) and HADES (CTM2011-30400-C02). B. Biescas work has been funded by the European Commission through the Marie Curie Action FP7-PEOPLE-2012-COFUND-600407Peer Reviewe

FORCE-TORQUE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR FRACTURE SURGERY

One of the more difficult tasks in surgery is to apply the optimal instrument forces and torques necessary to conduct an operation without damaging the tissue of the patient. This is especially problematic in surgical robotics, where force-feedback is totally eliminated. Thus, force sensing instruments emerge as a critical need for improving safety and surgical outcome. We propose a new measurement system that can be used in real fracture surgeries to generate quantitative knowledge of forces/torques applied by surgeon on tissues.We instrumented a periosteal elevator with a 6-DOF load-cell in order to measure forces/torques applied by the surgeons on live tissues during fracture surgeries. Acquisition software was developed in LabView to acquire force/torque data together with synchronised visual information (USB camera) of the tip interacting with the tissue, and surgeon voice recording (microphone) describing the actual procedure. Measurement system and surgical protocol were designed according to patient safety and sterilisation standards.The developed technology was tested in a pilot study during real orthopaedic surgery (consisting of removing a metal plate from the femur shaft of a patient) resulting reliable and usable. As demonstrated by subsequent data analysis, coupling force/torque data with video and audio information produced quantitative knowledge of forces/torques applied by the surgeon during the surgery. The outlined approach will be used to perform intensive force measurements during orthopaedic surgeries. The generated quantitative knowledge will be used to design a force controller and optimised actuators for a robot-assisted fracture surgery system under development at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory

Towards Robot-Assisted Fracture Surgery For Intra-Articular Joint Fractures

Background Treating fractures is expensive and includes a long post-operative care. Intra-articular fractures are often treated with open surgery that require massive soft tissue incisions, long healing time and are often accompanied by deep wound infections. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is an alternative to this but when performed by surgeons and supported by X-rays does not achieve the required accuracy of surgical treatment. Methods Functional and non-functional requirements of the system were established by conducting interviews with orthopaedic surgeons and attending fracture surgeries at Bristol Royal Infirmary to gain first-hand experience of the complexities involved. A robot-assisted fracture system (RAFS) has been designed and built for a distal femur fracture but can generally serve as a platform for other fracture types. Results The RAFS system has been tested in BRL and the individual robots can achieve the required level of reduction positional accuracy (less than 1mm translational and 5 degrees of rotational accuracy). The system can simultaneously move two fragments. The positioning tests have been made on Sawbones. Conclusions The proposed approach is providing an optimal solution by merging the fracture reduction knowledge of the orthopaedic surgeon and the robotic system's precision in 3D