Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Responses of human hip abductor muscles to lateral balance perturbations during walking

Item does not contain fulltextLateral stability during gait is of utmost importance to maintain balance. This was studied on human subjects walking on a treadmill who were given 100-ms perturbations of known magnitude and timing with respect to the gait cycle by means of a computer-controlled pneumatic device. This method has the advantage that the same perturbations can be given at different phases of the stride cycle, thereby allowing an analysis of the phase dependency of the responses in the primary muscles involved. After an inward push, e.g., a push toward the left during right stance, the left foot in the step to follow is placed more to the left (outward strategy). The hypothesis was that this movement is caused by automatic unvoluntary muscle activity. This turned out to be the case: the abduction movement follows EMG responses in the left abductor muscle, gluteus medius, in response to the push. Two responses, with latencies of 100 and 170 ms, and a late reaction >270 ms can be discerned. All three responses are phase dependent; they show facilitation in swing and no response in stance, in contrast to the normal walking activity (background). This independence of the background activity suggests a premotoneuronal gating of these responses, reminiscent of phase-dependent modulation of electrically elicited reflexes. It is concluded that facilitating pathways are opened independent of normal background activation to enable appropriate actions to restore balance after a mediolateral perturbation

Search for narrow resonances using the dijet mass spectrum in pp collisions at s√=8 TeV

Results are presented of a search for the production of new particles decaying to pairs of partons (quarks, antiquarks, or gluons), in the dijet mass spectrum in proton-proton collisions at s√=8  TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.0  fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2012. No significant evidence for narrow resonance production is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of hypothetical new particles decaying to quark-quark, quark-gluon, or gluon-gluon final states. These limits are then translated into lower limits on the masses of new resonances in specific scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. The limits reach up to 4.8 TeV, depending on the model, and extend previous exclusions from similar searches performed at lower collision energies. For the first time mass limits are set for the Randall–Sundrum graviton model in the dijet channel