A preliminary assessment of the potential health and genetic impacts of releasing confiscated passerines into the wild : a reduced-risk approach

The illegal capture and trade of wild birds have long been threats to biodiversity. The rehabilitation and release of confiscated animals may be a useful conservation tool in species management. However, differences between populations regarding health (e.g., different pathogens) and adaptation (e.g., local adaptation) must be taken into account, since both can negatively impact the recipient population. In this pilot study, we used two of the most illegally trafficked Brazilian wild passerine species, namely the red-crested cardinal (Paroaria coronata) and green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) as case studies and assessed some of the health threats that the release of confiscated passerines may pose to free-living birds. We also investigated the level of difference in mitochondrial genetic structure among populations living in different ecoregions. Blood, feces, and oropharyngeal swabs from confiscated (n = 115) and free-living (n = 120) passerines from the release sites were tested for the Newcastle disease virus, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. These are considered major avian diseases by the Brazilian National Avian Health Program. We analyzed mtDNA to study the difference in genetic structure between populations using samples from 127 free-living passerines. We found no evidence of the Newcastle disease virus or Salmonella spp. in confiscated or free-living passerines from either species. However, the levels of infection with M. galissepticum detected in our study for red-crested cardinals and green-winged saltators calls for a high degree of caution in captive release programs. The difference in genetic structure between populations occurring in different regions was low, and was not significant between those from the Pampa/Subtropical Grasslands region. These results suggest that it may be possible to establish a cost-effective and sensitive protocol for releasing confiscated songbirds, provided that further genome-wide studies indicate that the functional genetic diversity among (at least some of the) populations is also low

O simbólico e o ciberespaço: O papel do imaginário na experiência cibernética da cidade.

O presente artigo problematiza a noção de ciberespaço enquanto lócus ocupado pelo social a partir da consideração dos aspectos imaginários e simbólicos presentes na atribuição de valores tradicionalmente associados à concepção de espaço ou, mais notadamente, ao conceito a ele vinculado de lugar. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica que aproxima pensadores da cibercultura (Francisco Rüdiger, André Lemos) a autores das áreas da psicologia cultural (James Hillman), da etnologia (Marc Augé), da geografia humana (Yi-Fu Tuan) e da história das religiões (Mircea Eliade)

Occupational risk due to use of mercury in dentistry: a bibliographic review

Este trabalho visa apresentar dados referentes ao gerenciamento de resíduos perigosos na área da saúde, com ênfase no uso de mercúrio em odontologia. Foi elaborado com base numa revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso do mercúrio em amálgama dentário e seus potenciais riscos toxicológicos ligados à exposição, tanto de profissionais quanto de pacientes. Os estudos levantados baseiam-se também em recomendações de alguns organismos internacionais e nacionais em relação ao uso do mercúrio e seus limites de exposição ocupacional. Os dados da literatura revelam o potencial tóxico do mercúrio, tanto para o ambiente quanto para a saúde humana. Tendo em vista que o amálgama ainda é muito utilizado na odontologia, considera-se necessário uma tomada de decisão político-administrativa que vise minimizar os riscos relacionados ao uso de amálgama em procedimentos odontológicos, voltados para a segurança ocupacional, dos indivíduos e do ambiente, baseada em diretrizes e orientações técnicas sobre seu uso, descarte e disposição final.The aim of this study is to present data concerning hazardous waste management in the health area, with emphasis to the utilization of mercury in dentistry. The study was based on a bibliographic review regarding the use of mercury in dental fillings and its potential toxicological risks for patients and due to occupational exposure. The studies also take into consideration national and international recommendations on the use of mercury and its occupational exposure limits. The review of the literature reveals the potential toxic effects of mercury both on the environment and on human health. Given that the use of dental amalgam is still very frequent in dentistry, there is a need for safety regulations in order to minimize the risks posed by dental amalgam in dentistry proceedings based on technical guidelines for its use, discard and final disposal

The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXV. Super-Earths around the M-dwarf neighbors Gl433 and Gl667C

M dwarfs have been found to often have super-Earth planets with short orbital periods. Such stars are thus preferential targets in searches for rocky or ocean planets in the solar neighbourhood. In a recent paper (Bonfils et al. 2011), we announced the discovery of respectively 1 and 2 low mass planets around the M1.5V stars Gl433 and Gl667C. We found those planets with the HARPS spectrograph on the ESO~3.6-m telescope at La Silla Observatory, from observations obtained during the Guaranteed Time Observing program of that instrument. We have obtained additional HARPS observations of those two stars, for a total of respectively 67 and 179 Radial Velocity measurements for Gl433 and Gl667C, and present here an orbital analysis of those extended data sets and our main conclusion about both planetary systems. One of the three planets, Gl667Cc, has a mass of only M2.sin(i)~4.25 M_earth and orbits in the central habitable zone of its host star. It receives just 10% less stellar energy from Gl667C than the Earth receives from the Sun. However planet evolution in habitable zone can be very different if the host star is a M dwarf or a solar-like star, without necessarily questioning the presence of water. The two other planets, Gl433b and Gl667Cb, both have M2.sin(i) of ~5.5 M_earth and periods of ~7 days. The Radial Velocity measurements of both stars contain longer time scale signals, which we fit as longer period Keplerians. For Gl433 that signal probably originates in a Magnetic Cycle, while a longer time span will be needed to conclude for Gl667C. The metallicity of Gl433 is close to solar, while Gl667C is metal poor with [Fe/H] ~ -0.6. This reinforces the recent conclusion that the occurence of Super-Earth planets does not strongly correlate with stellar metallicity.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, submitted to A&

Comparison of non-criteria antiphospholipid syndrome with definite antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review

Objectives: Patients with laboratory or clinical manifestations suggestive of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) but not fulfilling the classification criteria constitute a clinical challenge. This study aims to compare non-criteria APS (NC-APS) with definite APS in terms of clinical manifestations, therapies, and outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies comparing definite and NC-APS was performed searching four electronic databases. Data on clinical manifestations, therapies and clinical outcomes was extracted. Results: Sixteen studies, assessing a total of 3,798 participants, were included. Seven out of 10 studies found no significant difference in the prevalence of arterial or venous thrombosis between definite and NC-APS, with two studies on seronegative APS also finding no difference in thrombosis recurrence. Seven out of 12 studies found no significant difference in the prevalence of obstetric manifestations between groups, with the remaining exhibiting conflicting results. In 9 studies comparing treatment frequency in obstetric patients, all but one described similar treatment frequency, with the percentage of NC-APS treated during pregnancy ranging from 26% to 100%. In 10 studies comparing pregnancy outcomes of NC-APS versus definite APS, 7 found similar successful pregnancies/live births. Additionally, 5 studies described improvement of live births in both groups with treatment, with three signalling aspirin monotherapy as efficacious as combination therapy in NC-APS. Conclusion: This review hints at an absence of marked differences in most evaluated parameters between definite and NC-APS, emphasizing the value of a more active follow-up of these patients. The low-quality available evidence highlights the need for well-defined NC-APS populations in future studies