18 research outputs found
Technoscience and the modernization of freshwater fisheries assessment and management
Inland fisheries assessment and management are challenging given the inherent com-
plexity of working in diverse habitats (e.g., rivers, lakes, wetlands) that are dynamic
on organisms that are often cryptic and where fishers are often highly mobile. Yet,
technoscience is offering new tools that have the potential to reimagine how inland
fisheries are assessed and managed. So-called ‘‘technoscience’’ refers to instances in
which science and technology unfurl together, offering novel ways of spurring and
achieving meaningful change. This paper considers the role of technoscience and its
potential for modernizing the assessment and management of inland fisheries. It first
explores technoscience and its potential benefits, followed by presentation of a series
of synopses that explore the application (both successes and challenges) of new tech-
nologies such as environmental DNA (eDNA), genomics, electronic tags, drones, phone
apps, iEcology, and artificial intelligence to assessment and management. The paper
also considers the challenges and barriers that exist in adopting new technologies. The
paper concludes with a provocative assessment of the potential of technoscience to
reform and modernize inland fisheries assessment and management. Although these
tools are increasingly being embraced, there is a lack of platforms for aggregating these
data streams and providing managers with actionable information in a timely manner.
The ideas presented here should serve as a catalyst for beginning to work collectively
and collaboratively towards fisheries assessment and management systems that harness
the power of technology and serve to modernize inland fisheries management. Such
transformation is urgently needed given the dynamic nature of environmental change,
the evolving threat matrix facing inland waters, and the complex behavior of fishers.
Quite simply, a dynamic world demands dynamic fisheries management; technoscience
has made that within reach.publishedVersio
Soil biochemistry and microbial activity in vineyards under conventional and organic management at Northeast Brazil.
The São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that orgThe São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that organic fertilization can improve soil quality, we compared the effects of conventional and organic soil management on microbial activity and mycorrhization of seedless grape crops. We measured glomerospores number, most probable number (MPN) of propagules, richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, AMF root colonization, EE-BRSP production, carbon microbial biomass (C-MB), microbial respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity (FDA) and metabolic coefficient (qCO2). The organic management led to an increase in all variables with the exception of EE-BRSP and qCO2. Mycorrhizal colonization increased from 4.7% in conventional crops to 15.9% in organic crops. Spore number ranged from 4.1 to 12.4 per 50 g-1 soil in both management systems. The most probable number of AMF propagules increased from 79 cm-3 soil in the conventional system to 110 cm-3 soil in the organic system. Microbial carbon, CO2 emission, and FDA activity were increased by 100 to 200% in the organic crop. Thirteen species of AMF were identified, the majority in the organic cultivation system. Acaulospora excavata, Entrophospora infrequens, Glomus sp.3 and Scutellospora sp. were found only in the organically managed crop. S. gregaria was found only in the conventional crop. Organically managed vineyards increased mycorrhization and general soil microbial activity