Further improvements on TRACE 3-D

TRACE 3-D, an interactive beam-dynamics program that calculates the envelopes of a bunched beam (including linear space-charge forces) through a user-defined transport system, has undergone several upgrades in physics, coding, and capabilities. Recent modifications include centroid tracking (and misalignment capabilities) and an improved beam description that allows study of some nonlinear effects such as wakefields. The Fortran code has been made portable and runs on numerous platforms. It can be used with a variety of graphics packages. The additional beamline elements, new commands, expanded fitting capabilities, improved beam description, and coding modifications have extended TRACE 3-D`s usefulness and applicability to the accelerator community. These changes are documented in the third edition of TRACE 3-D Documentation

ACHRO: A program to help design achromatic bends

ACHRO is a very simple 2000-line. FORTRAN code that provides help for the designer of the achromatic bend. Given a beam momentum, the program calculates the required drift lengths and dipole parameters which it will apply to any one of several different types of achromats. The types of achromats that the code helps to design include the Enge dual-270,'' the Brown 2-dipole, the Leboutet 3-dipole, and the Enge 4-dipole, as well as the periodic systems which can be designed to any order in symmetric, nonsymmetric and stair-step varieties. Given the dimensions into which a bend must fit, ACHRO will calculate the geometrical parameters in an X-Y plane for a single or multiple achromat, and for achromatic S-bend'' configurations where possible. ACHRO makes it very easy to optimize a bend with respect to drift lengths and magnet parameters by allowing the user to change parameter values and see the resulting calculation. Used in conjunction with a beam-transport code, ACHRO makes it possible for a designer to consider various types of achromatic bends in the same beamline layout in order to compare important bend characteristics such as dispersion, Isochronicity, sensitivity, geometric and chromatic aberrations, aperture requirements, space for diagnostics, etc., all of which are largely a function of the geometry and the type of achromat selected

APT accelerator. Topical report

The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project, sponsored by Department of Energy Defense Programs (DOE/DP), involves the preconceptual design of an accelerator system to produce tritium for the nation`s stockpile of nuclear weapons. Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen used in nuclear weapons, and must be replenished because of radioactive decay (its half-life is approximately 12 years). Because the annual production requirements for tritium has greatly decreased since the end of the Cold War, an alternative approach to reactors for tritium production, based on a linear accelerator, is now being seriously considered. The annual tritium requirement at the time this study was undertaken (1992-1993) was 3/8 that of the 1988 goal, usually stated as 3/8-Goal. Continued reduction in the number of weapons in the stockpile has led to a revised (lower) production requirement today (March, 1995). The production requirement needed to maintain the reduced stockpile, as stated in the recent Nuclear Posture Review (summer 1994) is approximately 3/16-Goal, half the previous level. The Nuclear Posture Review also requires that the production plant be designed to accomodate a production increase (surge) to 3/8-Goal capability within five years, to allow recovery from a possible extended outage of the tritium plant. A multi-laboratory team, collaborating with several industrial partners, has developed a preconceptual APT design for the 3/8-Goal, operating at 75% capacity. The team has presented APT as a promising alternative to the reactor concepts proposed for Complex-21. Given the requirements of a reduced weapons stockpile, APT offers both significant safety, environmental, and production-fexibility advantages in comparison with reactor systems, and the prospect of successful development in time to meet the US defense requirements of the 21st Century

Documentation for TRACE: an interactive beam-transport code

TRACE is an interactive, first-order, beam-dynamics computer program. TRACE includes space-charge forces and mathematical models for a number of beamline elements not commonly found in beam-transport codes, such as permanent-magnet quadrupoles, rf quadrupoles, rf gaps, accelerator columns, and accelerator tanks. TRACE provides an immediate graphic display of calculative results, has a powerful and easy-to-use command procedure, includes eight different types of beam-matching or -fitting capabilities, and contains its own internal HELP package. This report describes the models and equations used for each of the transport elements, the fitting procedures, and the space-charge/emittance calculations, and provides detailed instruction for using the code

Accelerator column models for low-current beams

This paper describes three analytic approaches used to model electrostatic accelerator columns in beam-transport codes for low-current beams and compares the results of each approach with the results obtained by numerically calculating the electric field based on charge distribution on equipotential surfaces. The three analytic approaches described are (1) a cubic energy-gain approximation, (2) a cubic longitudinal electric-field approximation, and (3) the aperture equation. The first two approaches calculate impulse approximations at the apertures, whereas the third is an integration of particle trajectories through the column filed. The conditions under which the solutions tend to break down are discussed. 4 refs., 8 figs

TRACE 3-D code improvements

TRACE 3-D is an interactive beam-transport code for bunched beams that includes accelerating elements and linear space-charge forces. It has been integrated with an improved GUI (graphic user interface) based on the Shell for Particle Accelerator Related Codes. Recent modifications to the code include centroid tracking and an improved beam description consisting of a set of beam slices, each having its own 6D centroid and sigma matrix. This allows one to study some nonlinear effects, such as wakefields, that are related to the variation of the beam bunch along the longitudinal direction

Unexpected matching insensitivity in DTL of GTA accelerator

The Intertank Matching Section (IMS) of the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) contains four variable-field quadrupoles (VFQs) and is designed to match beam exiting the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole to the first tank of the Drift-tube LINAC (DTL-1). By varying the VFQ field strengths to create a range of beam mismatches at the entrance to DTL-1, one can test the sensitivity of the DTL-1 output beam to variations in the DTL-1 input beam. Experimental studies made during commissioning of the GTA indicate an unexpected result: the beam exiting DTL-1 shows little variation for a range of mismatches produced at the entrance. Results of the experiment and simulation studies are presented