Maggot debridement therapy as primary tool to treat chronic wound of animals

Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a safe, effective, and controlled method of healing of chronic wounds by debridement and disinfection. In this therapy live, sterile maggots of green bottle fly, Lucilia (Phaenicia) sericata are used, as they prefer necrotic tissues over healthy for feeding. Since centuries, MDT is used in human beings to treat chronic wounds. Lately, MDT came out as a potent medical aid in animals. In animals, although, this therapy is still limited and clinical studies are few. However, with the increasing antibiotic resistance and chronic wound infections in veterinary medicine, maggot therapy may even become the first line of treatment for some infections. This paper will present a brief discussion of MDT and its role in veterinary medicine that may add one more treatment method to utilize in non-healing wounds of animals and overcome the use of amputation and euthanasia. The objective of this review paper is to assemble relevant literature on maggot therapy to form a theoretical foundation from which further steps toward clinical use of maggot therapy in animals for chronic wounds can be taken

Aplikasi HOT-Day: Hadits Of The Day sebagai Media Edukasi Pengamalan Hadits

The rapid development of technology brings both positive and negative impacts that greatly affect human life. especially among children. However, if it is properly combined with current technology, it will not affect children in a negative way. Children's  interest in memorizing hadith is currently very low. To increase children's interest in memorizing, we created a product called HOT-DAY. By making the HOT-DAY application, it is hoped that it can bring children to become people who have noble character. In addition to memorizing hadith, this application will also teach children to implement the morals and behaviors recommended in the related hadith. This study uses a Design and Development (D&D) research model, and the data collection method is carried out through literature studies, questionnaires, and interviews. The results after testing with 3rd grade elementary school children show that the HOT-DAY application has functioned well and the responses from the respondents are very enthusiastic. This application attracts children's attention to increase memorization and implement hadith in everyday life. The presence of this HOT-DAY application can be a guide in children's lives as well as a learning medium for teachers at school and parents at home to educate their children on improving their morals and morals

Study on prevalence of Fasciolosis in buffaloes at Anand and Ahmedabad districts, Gujarat, India

Aim: This study was undertaken to derive the prevalence rate of Fasciolosis in buffaloes by a collection of fecal and liver samples from Anand and Ahmedabad districts’ local slaughter houses. Materials and Methods: Fecal and liver samples were collected during ante- and post-mortem examination, respectively, and brought to the department laboratory preserved in 10% formalin for further processing. Fecal samples were processed with qualitative examination viz.; sedimentation technique for identification of the ova. Liver samples were also examined for the presence of gross parasites. Results: The highest prevalence rate was observed in the month of December (25.97% fecal and 33.33% liver samples) and lowest in the month of May (10.71% fecal and 11.76% liver samples) at Anand district. In the area of Ahmedabad district, the highest prevalence rate was recorded in the month of October and February (26.98%) and lowest in the month of May (10.34%) for the fecal and highest prevalence was observed in the month of February (26.98%) and lowest in May (11.11%) for the liver samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the heavy infection is present in Anand and Ahmedabad districts, especially in the month of winter followed by monsoon and the least in summer

Morphological and histological identification of Paramphistomum cervi (Trematoda: Paramiphistoma) in the rumen of infected sheep

Aim: This study was undertaken to identify Paramphistomum cervi on the basis of its morphology and histology to be the common cause of paramphistomosis in infected sheep and its differentiation from other similar Paramphistomes in Gujarat. Materials and Methods: Adult rumen flukes were recovered from the rumen of naturally infected sheep slaughtered in various abattoirs in Gujarat. Some adult flukes were flattened and stained in Borax carmine, and some were sectioned in the median sagittal plane and histological slides of the flukes were prepared for detailed morphological and histological studies. Result: Microscopic pictures of the parasite used in identification define the similarity in the morphology and histology of the anterior sucker, pharynx, esophagus, genital atrium, posterior sucker (acetabulum) and testes to the P. cervi. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the most common species found in sheep infected with Paramphistomosis is P. cervi on the basis of its histo-morphological appearance in Gujarat

Study on hematological alterations induced by amphistomosis in buffaloes

Aim: The study was undertaken to compare the alterations in the hematological parameters in buffaloes suffering from Amphistomosis with normal buffaloes and to correlate it with the subclinical infection that is hard to diagnose. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 50 amphistomes infected as well as 50 non-infected buffaloes from slaughter houses were taken into vacutainer tubes containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for estimation of various hematological parameters by Automatic Analyzer Hema-2062 manufactured by Analytical Technologies Ltd. Result: There was a significant reduction in the mean hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume and significant increase in the neutrophils count and eosinophil count of infected buffaloes as compared to the non-infected buffaloes respectively. Conclusion: Amphistomosis is characterized by severe neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and anemia. Anemia of high intensity along with hepatic damage can lead to the death of the animal in severe cases. Alterations in the Hematological parameters can be used as an indicator to diagnose and check the severity of amphistomosis especially in young ones and in subclinical infection

Transcriptome analysis of the adult rumen fluke Paramphistomum cervi following next generation sequencing

Rumen flukes are parasitic trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) of major socioeconomic importance in many countries. Key representatives, such as Paramphistomum cervi, can cause “Rumen fluke disease” or paramphistomosis and undermine economic animal productivity and welfare. P. cervi is primarily a problem in sheep, goat and buffalo production as a consequence of reduced weight gain and milk production, clinical disease or death. Recent technological advances in genomics and bioinformatics now provide unique opportunities for the identification and pre-validation of drug targets and vaccines through improved understanding of the biology of pathogens such as P. cervi and their relationship with their hosts at the molecular level. Here, we report next generation transcriptome sequencing analysis for P. cervi. RNAseq libraries were generated from RNA extracted from 15 adult P. cervi parasites sampled from each of three different host species (sheep, goat and buffalo) and a reference transcriptome was generated by assembly of all Ion Torrent PGM sequencing data. Raw reads (7,433,721 in total) were initially filtered for host nucleotide contamination and ribosomal RNAs and the remaining reads were assembled into 43,753 high confidence transcript contigs. In excess of 50% of the assembled transcripts were annotated with domain- or protein sequence similarity derived functional information. The reference adult P. cervi transcriptome will serve as a basis for future work on the biology of this important parasite. Using the widely investigated trematode virulence factor and vaccine candidate Cathepsin L as an example, the epitope GPISIAINA was found to be conserved in P. cervi isolated from three different host species supporting its candidacy for vaccine development and illustrating the utility of the adult P. cervi transcriptome

The influence of treatment, age at onset, and metabolic control on height in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes—A SWEET collaborative study

Objective: To describe the association between height, demographics, and treatment in youths with type 1 diabetes participating in an international network for pediatric diabetes centers (SWEET). Methods: Data were collected from 55 centers with documented patients' height. All subjects below 20 years of age, diabetes duration >1 year, and without celiac disease were included. World Health Organization growth charts were used to calculate height and body mass index z-scores. Multiple hierarchic regression models adjusting for known confounders were applied. Results: Data on 22 941 subjects (51.8% male) were analyzed with a median and interquartile range for age 14.8 years (11.2, 17.6), diabetes duration 5.6 years (3.1, 8.9), and height z-score 0.34 (−0.37, 1.03). Children were taller in the youngest age groups: adjusted height z-scores of 0.31 (±0.06) and 0.39 (±0.06), respectively; with shorter diabetes duration (<2 years: 0.36 [±0.06]; 2-<5 years: 0.34 [±0.06]; ≥5 years: 0.21 [±0.06]) and if they were pump users: 0.35 ± 0.05 vs 0.25 ± 0.05 (>three injections/day and 0.19 ± 0.06 [0-3 injections daily]), respectively. High hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and low to normal weight were associated with a lower height z-score. Trends were identical in all models except for gender. No gender differences were found except in the final height model where females exhibited higher z-score than males. Conclusion: For youths treated at centers offering modern diabetes management, major growth disturbances are virtually eliminated. For children with a young age at onset, high HbA1c, injections, and/or non-intensive diabetes, treatment still requires attention in order to attain normal growth. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Lt

Efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of Sitagliptin, metformin, and pioglitazone in type 2 Diabetes (IMPACT study): a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Due to the progressive decline in β-cell function, it is often necessary to utilize multiple agents with complementary mechanisms of action to address various facets and achieve glycemic control. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of metformin/sitagliptin/pioglitazone (MSP) therapy vs. metformin/sitagliptin (MS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In this phase 3, multicenter, double-blind study, patients with T2DM who exhibited inadequate glycemic control with HbA1c of 8.0–11.0% while taking ≥1500 mg/day metformin for at least 6 weeks were randomized to receive either FDC of MSP (1000/100/15 mg) or MS (1000/100 mg) per day for 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change in HbA1c, and secondary outcomes included changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), and body weight from baseline to 24 weeks along with safety and tolerability. Results Among the 236 patients randomized, 207 (87.71%) successfully completed the study. All baseline characteristics were comparable between the FDC of MSP and MS groups. There was a subsequent significant reduction of HbA1c in FDC of MSP (− 1.64) vs. MS (− 1.32); between groups was [− 0.32% (95% CI, − 0.59, − 0.05)], P = 0.0208. Similar reductions were found in FPG [− 13.2 mg/dL (95% CI, − 22.86, − 3.71)], P = 0.0068, and PPG [− 20.83 mg/dL (95% CI, − 34.11, − 7.55)], P = 0.0023. There were no significant changes in body weight. A total of 27 adverse effects (AEs) and one severe AE were reported, none of which were related to the study drug. Conclusion The FDC of MSP demonstrated significant efficacy in managing glycemic indices and could serve as a valuable tool for physicians in the management of Indian patients with T2DM. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry of India, CTRI/2021/10/037461