CONQUISTAS E ATUAIS DESAFIOS DO MOVIMENTO FEMINISTA

O estudo teve como objetivo, a reflexão e a análise do papel social desempenhado pela mulher através da história, as conquistas e a evolução do movimento feminista e os obstáculos ainda presentes no cotidiano social da mulher. A metodologia foi de cunho qualitativo e exploratório, baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica, elaborada a partir de material já publicado, estabelecida a partir de livros, artigos de periódicos e materiais disponibilizados na internet. Constatou-se com a pesquisa, que o movimento feminista concedeu as mulheres inúmeras conquistas, mudando consideravelmente a forma como a mulher era notada e tratada nos séculos precedentes ao feminismo. Existem ainda muitos reveses e circunstâncias a serem superados para que a mulher tenha de fato, todos os direitos assegurados, principalmente no que diz respeito aos hábitos e pensamentos machistas que ainda estão incorporados na sociedade e acreditados até mesmo pelas mulheres, as quais foram doutrinadas seguir estes costumes. No entanto, a iniciativa já foi tomada e inúmeros direitos foram conquistados. Atualmente existem inúmeras mulheres empoderadas e dispostas a lutar para ocupar o seu lugar merecido na sociedade.  Palavras chave: Empoderamento feminino. Feminismo. Machismo.

Geotecnologias e aprendizagem espacial em ambiente educacional: o mapeamento de nascentes utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento por meio de softwares livres.

The headwaters of streams are extremely important to maintain the water sources and contribute to the permanent preservation areas (PPA) and hence with the ecosystems of any region. Thus this aspect were investigated by mapping using GIS techniques by free software. The data were validated by field research conducted by students of the 1st year of high school ? Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Pedro Migliorini, located in the municipality of Monte Belo do Sul, Brazil. The objective of the study was to allow students to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the headwaters of the city, analyzing water usage, as well as the situation of the same as the environmental laws. Students were divided into work areas, conducted interviews with landowners in order to research on the consumption and use of water and what methods are used for the preservation of the spring on the property. To assess if the sources informed the owners comply with current legislation, GIS tools were employed and was generated a buffer of 50 meters (area corresponding to PPA) around the source. At the end of the study were located 427 points with the following observations: 1) 95 are used for human consumption, 2) 107 for animal consumption, 3) 145 have some protection; 4) 23 are in accordance with current legislation . 37 springs were not informed about the use

: Bilan de la campagne 2005.

Rapport de mission illustré (cartes, plans, photographies).This report describes the excavations at Termez, in the fortification of Tchingiz Tepe ; in the temple and the citadel.Ce rapport décrit les fouilles de Termez, sur les fortifications du Tchingiz Tepe 5 ; du complexe cultuel et de la citadelle

The neuropilin 1 cytoplasmic domain is required for VEGF-A-dependent arteriogenesis.

Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) plays an important but ill-defined role in VEGF-A signaling and vascular morphogenesis. We show that mice with a knockin mutation that ablates the NRP1 cytoplasmic tail (Nrp1(cyto)) have normal angiogenesis but impaired developmental and adult arteriogenesis. The arteriogenic defect was traced to the absence of a PDZ-dependent interaction between NRP1 and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) complex and synectin, which delayed trafficking of endocytosed VEGFR2 from Rab5+ to EAA1+ endosomes. This led to increased PTPN1 (PTP1b)-mediated dephosphorylation of VEGFR2 at Y(1175), the site involved in activating ERK signaling. The Nrp1(cyto) mutation also impaired endothelial tubulogenesis in vitro, which could be rescued by expressing full-length NRP1 or constitutively active ERK. These results demonstrate that the NRP1 cytoplasmic domain promotes VEGFR2 trafficking in a PDZ-dependent manner to regulate arteriogenic ERK signaling and establish a role for NRP1 in VEGF-A signaling during vascular morphogenesis

The non-convex shape of (234) Barbara, the first Barbarian

Asteroid (234) Barbara is the prototype of a category of asteroids that has been shown to be extremely rich in refractory inclusions, the oldest material ever found in the Solar System. It exhibits several peculiar features, most notably its polarimetric behavior. In recent years other objects sharing the same property (collectively known as "Barbarians") have been discovered. Interferometric observations in the mid-infrared with the ESO VLTI suggested that (234) Barbara might have a bi-lobated shape or even a large companion satellite. We use a large set of 57 optical lightcurves acquired between 1979 and 2014, together with the timings of two stellar occultations in 2009, to determine the rotation period, spin-vector coordinates, and 3-D shape of (234) Barbara, using two different shape reconstruction algorithms. By using the lightcurves combined to the results obtained from stellar occultations, we are able to show that the shape of (234) Barbara exhibits large concave areas. Possible links of the shape to the polarimetric properties and the object evolution are discussed. We also show that VLTI data can be modeled without the presence of a satellite.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Barotrauma during Noninvasive Respiratory Support in COVID-19 Pneumonia Outside ICU: The Ancillary COVIMIX-2 Study

Background: Noninvasive respiratory support (NIRS) has been extensively used during the COVID-19 surge for patients with acute respiratory failure. However, little data are available about barotrauma during NIRS in patients treated outside the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Methods: COVIMIX-2 was an ancillary analysis of the previous COVIMIX study, a large multicenter observational work investigating the frequencies of barotrauma (i.e., pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum) in adult patients with COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia. Only patients treated with NIRS outside the ICU were considered. Baseline characteristics, clinical and radiological disease severity, type of ventilatory support used, blood tests and mortality were recorded. Results: In all, 179 patients were included, 60 of them with barotrauma. They were older and had lower BMI than controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively). Cases had higher respiratory rates and lower PaO2/FiO2 (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001). The frequency of barotrauma was 0.3% [0.1–1.3%], with older age being a risk factor for barotrauma (OR 1.06, p = 0.015). Alveolar-arterial gradient (A-a) DO2 was protective against barotrauma (OR 0.92 [0.87–0.99], p = 0.026). Barotrauma required active treatment, with drainage, in only a minority of cases. The type of NIRS was not explicitly related to the development of barotrauma. Still, an escalation of respiratory support from conventional oxygen therapy, high flow nasal cannula to noninvasive respiratory mask was predictive for in-hospital death (OR 15.51, p = 0.001). Conclusions: COVIMIX-2 showed a low frequency for barotrauma, around 0.3%. The type of NIRS used seems not to increase this risk. Patients with barotrauma were older, with more severe systemic disease, and showed increased mortality

The complex TIE between macrophages and angiogenesis

Macrophages are primarily known as phagocytic immune cells, but they also play a role in diverse processes, such as morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the influence of macrophages on angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from the pre-existing vasculature. Macrophages play crucial roles at each step of the angiogenic cascade, starting from new blood vessel sprouting to the remodelling of the vascular plexus and vessel maturation. Macrophages form promising targets for both pro- and anti-angiogenic treatments. However, to target macrophages, we will first need to understand the mechanisms that control the functional plasticity of macrophages during each of the steps of the angiogenic cascade. Here, we review recent insights in this topic. Special attention will be given to the TIE2-expressing macrophage (TEM), which is a subtype of highly angiogenic macrophages that is able to influence angiogenesis via the angiopoietin-TIE pathway

Isolation and identification of pigment-producing endophytic fungi from the Amazonian species Fridericia chica.

Pigments of fungal origin have aroused increasing interest in the food dye and cosmetic industries since the global demand for natural dyes has grown. Endophytic microorganisms are a source of bioactive compounds, and Amazonian plant species can harbor fungi with a wide range of biotechnological applications. Popularly known in Brazil as crajiru, Fridericia chica is a medicinal plant that produces a red pigment. In this study, a total of 121 fungi were isolated in potato dextrose agar from three plants. We identified nine pigment-producing endophytic fungi isolated from branches and leaves of F. chica. The isolates that showed pigment production in solid media were molecularly identified via multilocus analysis as Aspergillus welwitschiae, A. sydowii, Curvularia sp., Diaporthe cerradensis (two strains), Hypoxylon investiens, Neoscytalidium sp. (two strains) and Penicillium rubens. These isolates were subjected to submerged fermentation in two culture media to obtain metabolic extracts. The extracts obtained were analyzed in terms of their absorbance between 400 and 700 nm. The pigmented extract produced by H. investiens in medium containing yeast extract showed maximum absorbance in the red absorption range (UA700 = 0.550) and significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. This isolate can thus be considered a new source of extracellular pigment