68,980 research outputs found
Charge transfer in the classical binary encounter approximation
Charge transfer in classical binary encounter approximatio
Classical calculations of charge transfer cross sections
Calculations of charge transfer cross section
Classical approximation for ionization by heavy particle impact
Classical binary approximation for ionization by proton impac
A 300 GHz "Always-in-Focus" Focusing System for Target Detection
A focusing system for a 300 GHz radar with 5 m target distance and 10 mm diameter spot size resolution is proposed. The focusing system is based on a Gaussian telescope scheme and its main parameters have been de¬signed using Gaussian beam quasi-optical propagation theory with an in-house developed MATLAB® based analysis tool. Then, this approach has been applied to a real focusing system based on two elliptical mirrors in order to reduce the distortion and cross-polar level and a plane mirror to provide scanning capabilities. The over¬all system has been simulated with a full-wave electromag¬netic simulator and its behavior is presented. With this approach, the focusing system always works "in-focus" since the only mirror that is rotated when scanning is the output plane mirror, so the beam is almost not distorted. The design process, although based in the well-known Gaussian beam quasi-optical propagation theory, provides a fast and accurate method and minimizes the overall size of the mirrors. As a consequence, the size of the focusing system is also reduced
Nonsingular electrovacuum solutions with dynamically generated cosmological constant
We consider static spherically symmetric configurations in a Palatini
extension of General Relativity including and Ricci-squared terms, which
is known to replace the central singularity by a wormhole in the electrovacuum
case. We modify the matter sector of the theory by adding to the usual Maxwell
term a nonlinear electromagnetic extension which is known to implement a
confinement mechanism in flat space. One feature of the resulting theory is
that the non-linear electric field leads to a dynamically generated
cosmological constant. We show that with this matter source the solutions of
the model are asymptotically de Sitter and possess a wormhole topology. We
discuss in some detail the conditions that guarantee the absence of
singularities and of traversable wormholes.Comment: 7 double-column pages; v2: several changes in abstract and
introductio
The ages of very cool hydrogen-rich white dwarfs
The evolution of white dwarfs is essentially a cooling process that depends
primarily on the energy stored in their degenerate cores and on the
transparency of their envelopes. In this paper we compute accurate cooling
sequences for carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with hydrogen dominated atmospheres
for the full range of masses of interest. For this purpose we use the most
accurate available physical inputs for both the equation of state and opacities
of the envelope and for the thermodynamic quantities of the degenerate core. We
also investigate the role of the latent heat in the computed cooling sequences.
We present separately cooling sequences in which the effects of phase
separation of the carbon-oxygen binary mixture upon crystallization have been
neglected, and the delay introduced in the cooling times when this mechanism is
properly taken into account, in order to compare our results with other
published cooling sequences which do not include a treatment of this
phenomenon. We find that the cooling ages of very cool white dwarfs with pure
hydrogen atmospheres have been systematically underestimated by roughly 1.5 Gyr
at log(L/Lo)=-4.5 for an otherwise typical 0.6 Mo white dwarf, when phase
separation is neglected. If phase separation of the binary mixture is included
then the cooling ages are further increased by roughly 10%. Cooling tracks and
cooling isochrones in several color-magnitude diagrams are presented as well.Comment: 8 Pages; ApJ, accepted for publicatio
Permanent-magnet atom chips for the study of long, thin atom clouds
Atom-chip technology can be used to confine atoms tightly using permanently magnetised videotape along with external magnetic fields. The one-dimensional (1D) gas regime can be realised and studied by trapping the atoms in high-aspect-ratio traps in which the radial motion of the system is confined to zero-point oscillation
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