Precise tail asymptotics of fixed points of the smoothing transform with general weights

We consider solutions of the stochastic equation $R=_d\sum_{i=1}^NA_iR_i+B$, where $N>1$ is a fixed constant, $A_i$ are independent, identically distributed random variables and $R_i$ are independent copies of $R$, which are independent both from $A_i$'s and $B$. The hypotheses ensuring existence of solutions are well known. Moreover under a number of assumptions the main being $\mathbb{E}|A_1|^{\alpha}=1/N$ and $\mathbb{E}|A_1|^{\alpha}\log|A_1|>0$, the limit $\lim_{t\to\infty}t^{\alpha}\mathbb{P}[|R|>t]=K$ exists. In the present paper, we prove positivity of $K$.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/13-BEJ576 in the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm

Large deviations for solutions to stochastic recurrence equations under Kesten's condition

In this paper we prove large deviations results for partial sums constructed from the solution to a stochastic recurrence equation. We assume Kesten's condition [Acta Math. 131 (1973) 207-248] under which the solution of the stochastic recurrence equation has a marginal distribution with power law tails, while the noise sequence of the equations can have light tails. The results of the paper are analogs to those obtained by A. V. Nagaev [Theory Probab. Appl. 14 (1969) 51-64; 193-208] and S. V. Nagaev [Ann. Probab. 7 (1979) 745-789] in the case of partial sums of i.i.d. random variables. In the latter case, the large deviation probabilities of the partial sums are essentially determined by the largest step size of the partial sum. For the solution to a stochastic recurrence equation, the magnitude of the large deviation probabilities is again given by the tail of the maximum summand, but the exact asymptotic tail behavior is also influenced by clusters of extreme values, due to dependencies in the sequence. We apply the large deviation results to study the asymptotic behavior of the ruin probabilities in the model.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOP782 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Supercurrent induced by tunneling Bogoliubov excitations in a Bose-Einstein condensate

We study the tunneling of Bogoliubov excitations through a barrier in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We extend our previous work [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{78}, 013628 (2008)] to the case when condensate densities are different between the left and right of the barrier potential. In the framework of the Bogoliubov mean-field theory, we calculate the transmission probability and phase shift, as well as the energy flux and quasiparticle current carried by Bogoliubov excitations. We find that Bogoliubov phonons twist the condensate phase due to a back-reaction effect, which induces the Josephson supercurrent. While the total current given by the sum of quasiparticle current and induced supercurrent is conserved, the quasiparticle current flowing through the barrier potential is shown to be remarkably enhanced in the low energy region. When the condensate densities are different between the left and right of the barrier, the excess quasiparticle current, as well as the induced supercurrent, remains finite far away from the barrier. We also consider the tunneling of excitations and atoms through the boundary between the normal and superfluid regions. We show that supercurrent can be generated inside the condensate by injecting free atoms from outside. On the other hand, atoms are emitted when the Bogoliubov phonons propagate toward the phase boundary from the superfluid region.Comment: 36 pages, 12 figures, revised version as accepted by Phys. Rev.

Eigenlogic: a Quantum View for Multiple-Valued and Fuzzy Systems

We propose a matrix model for two- and many-valued logic using families of observables in Hilbert space, the eigenvalues give the truth values of logical propositions where the atomic input proposition cases are represented by the respective eigenvectors. For binary logic using the truth values {0,1} logical observables are pairwise commuting projectors. For the truth values {+1,-1} the operator system is formally equivalent to that of a composite spin 1/2 system, the logical observables being isometries belonging to the Pauli group. Also in this approach fuzzy logic arises naturally when considering non-eigenvectors. The fuzzy membership function is obtained by the quantum mean value of the logical projector observable and turns out to be a probability measure in agreement with recent quantum cognition models. The analogy of many-valued logic with quantum angular momentum is then established. Logical observables for three-value logic are formulated as functions of the Lz observable of the orbital angular momentum l=1. The representative 3-valued 2-argument logical observables for the Min and Max connectives are explicitly obtained.Comment: 11 pages, 2 table

Control-volume representation of molecular dynamics

A Molecular Dynamics (MD) parallel to the Control Volume (CV) formulation of fluid mechanics is developed by integrating the formulas of Irving and Kirkwood, J. Chem. Phys. 18, 817 (1950) over a finite cubic volume of molecular dimensions. The Lagrangian molecular system is expressed in terms of an Eulerian CV, which yields an equivalent to Reynolds' Transport Theorem for the discrete system. This approach casts the dynamics of the molecular system into a form that can be readily compared to the continuum equations. The MD equations of motion are reinterpreted in terms of a Lagrangian-to-Control-Volume (\CV) conversion function $\vartheta_{i}$, for each molecule $i$. The \CV function and its spatial derivatives are used to express fluxes and relevant forces across the control surfaces. The relationship between the local pressures computed using the Volume Average (VA, Lutsko, J. Appl. Phys 64, 1152 (1988)) techniques and the Method of Planes (MOP, Todd et al, Phys. Rev. E 52, 1627 (1995)) emerges naturally from the treatment. Numerical experiments using the MD CV method are reported for equilibrium and non-equilibrium (start-up Couette flow) model liquids, which demonstrate the advantages of the formulation. The CV formulation of the MD is shown to be exactly conservative, and is therefore ideally suited to obtain macroscopic properties from a discrete system.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figure

Computing stationary free-surface shapes in microfluidics

A finite-element algorithm for computing free-surface flows driven by arbitrary body forces is presented. The algorithm is primarily designed for the microfluidic parameter range where (i) the Reynolds number is small and (ii) force-driven pressure and flow fields compete with the surface tension for the shape of a stationary free surface. The free surface shape is represented by the boundaries of finite elements that move according to the stress applied by the adjacent fluid. Additionally, the surface tends to minimize its free energy and by that adapts its curvature to balance the normal stress at the surface. The numerical approach consists of the iteration of two alternating steps: The solution of a fluidic problem in a prescribed domain with slip boundary conditions at the free surface and a consecutive update of the domain driven by the previously determined pressure and velocity fields. ...Comment: Revised versio

Studies on optimizing potential energy functions for maximal intrinsic hyperpolarizability

We use numerical optimization to study the properties of (1) the class of one-dimensional potential energy functions and (2) systems of point charges in two-dimensions that yield the largest hyperpolarizabilities, which we find to be within 30% of the fundamental limit. We investigate the character of the potential energy functions and resulting wavefunctions and find that a broad range of potentials yield the same intrinsic hyperpolarizability ceiling of 0.709.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Finite-Element Model for Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Girders

This paper presents a nonlinear model for pretensioned prestressed concrete girders. The model consists of three main components: a beam-column element that describes the behavior of concrete, a truss element that describes the behavior of prestressing tendons, and a bond element that describes the transfer of stresses between the prestressing tendons and the concrete. The model is based on a two-field mixed formulation, where forces and deformations are both approximated within the element. The nonlinear response of the concrete and tendon components is based on the section discretization into fibers with uniaxial hysteretic material models. The stress transfer mechanism is modeled with a distributed interface element with special bond stress-slip relation. A method for accurately simulating the prestressing operation is presented. Accordingly, a complete nonlinear analysis is performed at the different stages of prestressing. Correlation studies of the proposed model with experimental results of pretensioned specimens are conducted. These studies confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of the model

Determination of the resonance response in an engine cylinder with a bowl-in-piston geometry by the finite element method for inferring the trapped mass

[EN] Cylinder resonance phenomenon in reciprocating engines consists of high-frequency pressure oscillations excited by the combustion. The frequency of these oscillations is proportional to the speed of sound on pent-roof combustion chambers and henceforth the resonance frequency can be used to estimate the trapped mass, but in bowl-in-piston chambers a geometrical factor must be added in order to deal with the bowl disturbance. This paper applies the finite element method (FEM) to provide a resonance calibration for new design combustion chambers, which are commonly dominated by the bowl geometry near the top dead centre. The resonance calibration does not need any sensor information when it is solved by a FEM procedure, and consequently, is free from measurement errors. The calibration is proven to be independent of the chamber conditions and the results obtained are compared with experimental data by using spectral techniques and measuring precisely the trapped mass.[EN]This research has been partially supported by the European Union in framework of the POWERFUL project, seventh framework program FP7/2007-2013, theme 7, sustainable surface transport (grant agreement number SCP8-GA-2009-234032).Broatch Jacobi, JA.; Guardiola, C.; Bares-Moreno, P.; Denia Guzmán, FD. (2016). Determination of the resonance response in an engine cylinder with a bowl-in-piston geometry by the finite element method for inferring the trapped mass. International Journal of Engine Research. 17(5):534-542. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087415589701S534542175Powell, J. D. (1993). Engine Control Using Cylinder Pressure: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 115(2B), 343-350. doi:10.1115/1.2899074Desantes, J. M., Galindo, J., Guardiola, C., & Dolz, V. (2010). Air mass flow estimation in turbocharged diesel engines from in-cylinder pressure measurement. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 34(1), 37-47. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2009.08.009Finol, C. A., & Robinson, K. (2006). Thermal modelling of modern engines: A review of empirical correlations to estimate the in-cylinder heat transfer coefficient. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 220(12), 1765-1781. doi:10.1243/09544070jauto202Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Martín, J., & Monelletta, L. (2007). Combustion noise level assessment in direct injection Diesel engines by means of in-cylinder pressure components. Measurement Science and Technology, 18(7), 2131-2142. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/18/7/045Luján, J. M., Bermúdez, V., Guardiola, C., & Abbad, A. (2010). A methodology for combustion detection in diesel engines through in-cylinder pressure derivative signal. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 24(7), 2261-2275. doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2009.12.012Payri, F., Broatch, A., Tormos, B., & Marant, V. (2005). New methodology for in-cylinder pressure analysis in direct injection diesel engines—application to combustion noise. Measurement Science and Technology, 16(2), 540-547. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/16/2/029Zhen, X., Wang, Y., Xu, S., Zhu, Y., Tao, C., Xu, T., & Song, M. (2012). The engine knock analysis – An overview. Applied Energy, 92, 628-636. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.079Draper C. S. The physical effects of detonation in a closed cylindrical chamber. Technical report, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 1938.Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Guardiola, C., & Martín, J. (2011). Adaptive determination of cut-off frequencies for filtering the in-cylinder pressure in diesel engines combustion analysis. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(14-15), 2869-2876. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.05.012Hickling, R., Feldmaier, D. A., Chen, F. H. K., & Morel, J. S. (1983). Cavity resonances in engine combustion chambers and some applications. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 73(4), 1170-1178. doi:10.1121/1.389261Bodisco, T., Reeves, R., Situ, R., & Brown, R. (2012). Bayesian models for the determination of resonant frequencies in a DI diesel engine. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 26, 305-314. doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.06.014Guardiola, C., Pla, B., Blanco-Rodriguez, D., & Bares, P. (2014). Cycle by Cycle Trapped Mass Estimation for Diagnosis and Control. SAE International Journal of Engines, 7(3), 1523-1531. doi:10.4271/2014-01-1702Torregrosa, A. J., Broatch, A., Margot, X., Marant, V., & Beauge, Y. (2004). Combustion chamber resonances in direct injection automotive diesel engines: A numerical approach. International Journal of Engine Research, 5(1), 83-91. doi:10.1243/146808704772914264Broatch, A., Margot, X., Gil, A., & Christian Donayre, (José). (2007). Computational study of the sensitivity to ignition characteristics of the resonance in DI diesel engine combustion chambers. Engineering Computations, 24(1), 77-96. doi:10.1108/02644400710718583Payri, F., Molina, S., Martín, J., & Armas, O. (2006). Influence of measurement errors and estimated parameters on combustion diagnosis. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(2-3), 226-236. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.05.006Mechel, F. P. (Ed.). (2008). Formulas of Acoustics. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76833-3Samimy, B., & Rizzoni, G. (1996). Mechanical signature analysis using time-frequency signal processing: application to internal combustion engine knock detection. Proceedings of the IEEE, 84(9), 1330-1343. doi:10.1109/5.535251Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., & Hernández, J. J. (1999). Diagnosis of DI Diesel combustion from in-cylinder pressure signal by estimation of mean thermodynamic properties of the gas. Applied Thermal Engineering, 19(5), 513-529. doi:10.1016/s1359-4311(98)00075-1FUENMAYOR, F. J., DENIA, F. D., ALBELDA, J., & GINER, E. (2002). H -ADAPTIVE REFINEMENT STRATEGY FOR ACOUSTIC PROBLEMS WITH A SET OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 255(3), 457-479. doi:10.1006/jsvi.2001.4165Benajes, J., Molina, S., García, A., Belarte, E., & Vanvolsem, M. (2014). An investigation on RCCI combustion in a heavy duty diesel engine using in-cylinder blending of diesel and gasoline fuels. Applied Thermal Engineering, 63(1), 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.10.052Chen, A., & Dai, X. (2010). Internal combustion engine vibration analysis with short-term Fourier-transform. 2010 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing. doi:10.1109/cisp.2010.5646222Stanković, Lj., & Böhme, J. F. (1999). Time–frequency analysis of multiple resonances in combustion engine signals. Signal Processing, 79(1), 15-28. doi:10.1016/s0165-1684(99)00077-8Costa, A. H., & Boudreaux-Bartels, G. F. (1999). An overview of aliasing errors in discrete-time formulations of time-frequency representations. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 47(5), 1463-1474. doi:10.1109/78.75724

Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in coordinate space: finite element solution for a nuclear system with spherical symmetry

A C++ code for the solution of the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in coordinate space is presented. The theory describes a nucleus as a relativistic system of baryons and mesons. The RHB model is applied in the self-consistent mean-field approximation to the description of ground state properties of spherical nuclei. Finite range interactions are included to describe pairing correlations and the coupling to particle continuum states. Finite element methods are used in the coordinate space discretization of the coupled system of Dirac-Hartree-Bogoliubov integro-differential eigenvalue equations, and Klein-Gordon equations for the meson fields. The bisection method is used in the solution of the resulting generalized algebraic eigenvalue problem, and the biconjugate gradient method for the systems of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, respectively.Comment: PostScript, 32 pages, to be published in Computer Physics Communictions (1997