Waste Management of Shrimp Farms as Starting Point to Develop Integrated Farming Systems (Case Study: Kuwaru Coast, Bantul, YOGYAKARTA, Indonesia)

Intensive waste management is a solution to maintain an area of ecological harmony but still can produce economic benefits that are beneficial to social welfare. So in this research, waste of shrimp farms which was just processed by using zeolite, was treated again with a few treatments, i.e. simple filters, constructed wetlands, shell, fish and composting. Simple filters were composed of stone, gravel, coral, charcoal, sand and coconut fibers. Constructed wetland system used was hybrid type which combines type of horizontal flow and type of vertical flow. The shell used was Polymesoda erosa. The fish used was Tilapia. In the composting sediment activator, biang kompos was used with the composting time of one month. The results indicated that the system ofsimple filters, constructed wetlands, shells and fish proved to be quite effective to reduce levels of pollutants in wastewater and will be more effective if treatment was accompanied with a proper aeration. While, the sediment composted into fertilizer needed to be composted with a longer time than normal composting time. This was because the composted materials were derived from wastehaving a very low nutrient, so it took longer to restore nutrients. The results also indicated the potential of shrimp farm waste of PT. IBD to be processed into clean water and fertilizer. With the appropriate policies and strategies, this can lead to the development of an integrated farming system to support sustainable coastal ecologically, economically and socially

EDUKASI LITERASI DAN NUMERASI DI LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN SD NEGERI 1 TAWIRI KECAMATAN TELUK AMBON

Literasi dan numerasi adalah kemampuan dasar yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Literasi merujuk pada kemampuan seseorang untuk membaca, menulis, dan memahami teks tertulis, sementara numerasi merujuk pada kemampuan seseorang untuk memahami, menggunakan, dan memanipulasi angka. Tingkat literasi dan numerasi di indonesia masih tergolong sangat rendah khususnya pada siswa sekolah dasar jika dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi salah satunya dengan edukasi terkait pentingnya literasi dan numerasi. Melalui kegiatan edukasi literasi dan numerasi di Sd Negeri 1 tawiri kecamatan teluk Ambon yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal Jumat 17 Mei 2024 diharapkan dapat menyadarkan kepada para siswa pentingnya literasi dan numerasi. Pelaksanaan kegiatan edukasi ini diikuti oleh siswa Sd Negeri 1 Tawiri khususnya siswa kelas 6 yang berjumlah 26 siswa. Kegiatan edukasi ini di respon dengan sangat baik dan antusias dari para siswa

Simulated Atmospheric N Deposition Alters Fungal Community Composition and Suppresses Ligninolytic Gene Expression in a Northern Hardwood Forest

High levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition may result in greater terrestrial carbon (C) storage. In a northern hardwood ecosystem, exposure to over a decade of simulated N deposition increased C storage in soil by slowing litter decay rates, rather than increasing detrital inputs. To understand the mechanisms underlying this response, we focused on the saprotrophic fungal community residing in the forest floor and employed molecular genetic approaches to determine if the slower decomposition rates resulted from down-regulation of the transcription of key lignocellulolytic genes, by a change in fungal community composition, or by a combination of the two mechanisms. Our results indicate that across four Acer-dominated forest stands spanning a 500-km transect, community-scale expression of the cellulolytic gene cbhI under elevated N deposition did not differ significantly from that under ambient levels of N deposition. In contrast, expression of the ligninolytic gene lcc was significantly down-regulated by a factor of 2–4 fold relative to its expression under ambient N deposition. Fungal community composition was examined at the most southerly of the four sites, in which consistently lower levels of cbhI and lcc gene expression were observed over a two-year period. We recovered 19 basidiomycete and 28 ascomycete rDNA 28S operational taxonomic units; Athelia, Sistotrema, Ceratobasidium and Ceratosebacina taxa dominated the basidiomycete assemblage, and Leotiomycetes dominated the ascomycetes. Simulated N deposition increased the proportion of basidiomycete sequences recovered from forest floor, whereas the proportion of ascomycetes in the community was significantly lower under elevated N deposition. Our results suggest that chronic atmospheric N deposition may lower decomposition rates through a combination of reduced expression of ligninolytic genes such as lcc, and compositional changes in the fungal community

Microbial Community Structure and Oxidative Enzyme Activity in Nitrogen-amended North Temperate Forest Soils

Large regions of temperate forest are subject to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition which can affect soil organic matter dynamics by altering mass loss rates, soil respiration, and dissolved organic matter production. At present there is no general model that links these responses to changes in the organization and operation of microbial decomposer communities. Toward that end, we studied the response of litter and soil microbial communities to high levels of N amendment (30 and 80 kg ha −1 yr −1 ) in three types of northern temperate forest: sugar maple/basswood (SMBW), sugar maple/red oak (SMRO), and white oak/black oak (WOBO). We measured the activity of extracellular enzymes (EEA) involved directly in the oxidation of lignin and humus (phenol oxidase, peroxidase), and indirectly, through the production of hydrogen peroxide (glucose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase). Community composition was analyzed by extracting and quantifying phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils. Litter EEA responses at SMBW sites diverged from those at oak-bearing sites (SMRO, BOWO), but the changes were not statistically significant. For soil, EEA responses were consistent across forests types: phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities declined as a function of N dose (33–73% and 5–41%, respectively, depending on forest type); glucose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase activities increased (200–400% and 150–300%, respectively, depending on forest type). Principal component analysis (PCA) ordinated forest types and treatment responses along two axes; factor 1 (44% of variance) was associated with phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, factor 2 (31%) with glucose oxidase. Microbial biomass did not respond to N treatment, but nine of the 23 PLFA that formed >1 mol% of total biomass showed statistically significant treatment responses. PCA ordinated forest types and treatment responses along three axes (36%, 26%, 12% of variance). EEA factors 1 and 2 correlated negatively with PLFA factor 1 ( r = −0.20 and −0.35, respectively, n = 108) and positively with PLFA factor 3 ( r = +0.36 and +0.20, respectively, n = 108). In general, EEA responses were more strongly tied to changes in bacterial PLFA than to changes in fungal PLFA. Collectively, our data suggests that N inhibition of oxidative activity involves more than the repression of ligninase expression by white-rot basidiomycetes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48115/1/248_2003_Article_9001.pd

Nitrogen Deposition Reduces Plant Diversity and Alters Ecosystem Functioning: Field-Scale Evidence from a Nationwide Survey of UK Heathlands

Findings from nitrogen (N) manipulation studies have provided strong evidence of the detrimental impacts of elevated N deposition on the structure and functioning of heathland ecosystems. Few studies, however, have sought to establish whether experimentally observed responses are also apparent under natural, field conditions. This paper presents the findings of a nationwide field-scale evaluation of British heathlands, across broad geographical, climatic and pollution gradients. Fifty two heathlands were selected across an N deposition gradient of 5.9 to 32.4 kg ha−1 yr−1. The diversity and abundance of higher and lower plants and a suite of biogeochemical measures were evaluated in relation to climate and N deposition indices. Plant species richness declined with increasing temperature and N deposition, and the abundance of nitrophilous species increased with increasing N. Relationships were broadly similar between upland and lowland sites, with the biggest reductions in species number associated with increasing N inputs at the low end of the deposition range. Both oxidised and reduced forms of N were associated with species declines, although reduced N appears to be a stronger driver of species loss at the functional group level. Plant and soil biochemical indices were related to temperature, rainfall and N deposition. Litter C:N ratios and enzyme (phenol-oxidase and phosphomonoesterase) activities had the strongest relationships with site N inputs and appear to represent reliable field indicators of N deposition. This study provides strong, field-scale evidence of links between N deposition - in both oxidised and reduced forms - and widespread changes in the composition, diversity and functioning of British heathlands. The similarity of relationships between upland and lowland environments, across broad spatial and climatic gradients, highlights the ubiquity of relationships with N, and suggests that N deposition is contributing to biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem functioning across European heathlands

PENGEMBANGAN LKPD INTERAKTIF BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN REAKSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA

Effective learning requires an active, creative and fun approach, and provides space for students to channel their potential according to their interests and talents. In the context of chemistry education, which involves abstract concepts such as changes in matter at the atomic or molecular level, learning strategies are needed that support in-depth understanding. One relevant approach is the guided inquiry model, which provides direction to students to develop their analytical skills. This research aims to develop an interactive Student Worksheet (LKPD) based on guided inquiry on chemical reaction equations to improve the learning outcomes of class X SMA Negeri 1 Bolaang. Development was carried out using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model with validation by material and media experts, as well as product trials. Data collected includes product feasibility validation, student learning outcomes, and input from validators. The research results show that guided inquiry-based LKPD is valid, practical and effective for use as a learning medium. This product helps students not only understand concepts but also carry out scientific proofs, thereby improving critical thinking skills. The benefits of this research include contributions for students, teachers and researchers in developing innovative and interactive learning media in the field of chemistry education

Pembelajaran dalam Jaringan (Daring) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19

The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the effect of online learning on student learning outcomes in during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in class X IPA SMA N 1 Tondano in the 2020/2021 academic year. A total of 25 students of class X IPA 1 were assigned as research samples. This study uses an experimental method with a One-Shot Case Study design. The results of this study consist of two data, namely questionnaire data for assessing student attitudes and post-test as an assessment of student learning outcomes which are then analyzed using correlation regression, and the regression equation obtained was Y = 9.5565 + 0.9073 x. The regression equation shows that the higher the student's attitude score (variable X), the higher the student's (variable Y). From the Product moment correlation test, it is found that the correlation coefficient (rxy) is 0.6599, which proves that the X and Y variables have a strong relationship. To calculate the effect of student attitudes on online learning on learning outcomes, it is calculated through the determinant coefficient formula, and it is found that the magnitude of the influence of student attitudes on online learning on learning outcomes is 43.55%. While the remaining 56.45% is influenced by other variables in the form of distractions and obstacles during online learning