BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE FILMS

The buccal route of administration has many advantages, including gastrointestinal bypass surgery and first pass through the liver. The mucoadhesive membrane is a retention dosage form that can release the drug directly into the biological matrix. Cheek technology has proven to be an advanced alternative to other traditional devices. The type of drug delivery system. This is a mature technology for systemic administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients [API]. In addition, due to their small size and thinness, these films improve patient compliance. Over the past decade, because it is a promising delivery alternative for multiple therapeutic categories, including peptides, vaccines and nanoparticles. Mucosal adhesions are currently explained by six theories: electronics, adsorption, wettability, diffusion, degradation and mechanics. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are suggested. Study its mechanism. This study includes an overview of the mechanisms and theories of mucosal adhesion, and introduces the most commonly used methods. The "film casting method" involves casting an aqueous solution and/or organic solvent to produce a film suitable for the application route. The determination of key properties such as mucosal adhesion strength, uniformity of active ingredient content and permeability are important research areas in the field of buccal membrane design

A study to assess the awareness and knowledge about the maternal nutrition and complications encountered by the antenatal mothers in the rural population

Background: Nutrition plays a vital role in life. Good nutrition is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle. A healthy pregnancy diet will promote your baby's growth and development. The purpose of this study was to highlight the knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women regarding the healthy diet, psychological support, regular visits, danger signs and complications during pregnancy among mothers who visit our hospital along with different socio demographic factors.Methods: This study was conducted on 350 antenatal women from January 2016 to February 2017 at Tamil Nadu, India. A 24 point- 15 minutes’ questionnaire was designed about the knowledge, attitude and practice about the nutrition, danger signs and complications in pregnancy.Results: Around 98% of women were very clear that nutrition is necessary in pregnancy and 53% of them told that the quantity of food intake should be increased. Major source of knowledge about the nutrition was obtained from the family members (81%). The common danger sign was abdominal pain (61%) followed by bleeding per vaginum (22%). About 77% of mothers had an idea that minimum of 6-10 visit should be there in their antenatal period.Conclusions: This study emphasizes that health professionals should concentrate more in the nutritional values and the antenatal classes should be taken regarding the role of adequate nutrition, constituents and sources of balanced diet and the consequences of over and under nutrition

Performance of dual-purpose sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under different sowing windows and crop geometry

India is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and its impact on agricultural production and livestock. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important food crop of India cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates, especially the semiarid tropics; varying environmental attributes significantly affect its duration and yield. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the potential of dual-purpose sorghum under varying sowing windows and crop geometry. The experiment was conducted in Eastern block farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during the summer season- 2022. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three different dates of sowing in the main plot, i.e., D1 - First fortnight of February, D2 - First fortnight of March and D3 - First fortnight of April and six different crop geometries in the subplot viz., 45 x 15 cm (S1),45 x 10 cm(S2), 45 x 5 cm (S3), 30 x 15 cm (S4),30 x 10 cm (S5) and 30 x 5 cm (S6) and replicated thrice.The results revealed that sowing during the first fortnight (I FN)  of April with a spacing of 45x 15 cm resulted in maximum grain yield(2585 kg/ha) and for fodder yield, April I FN sowing with a crop geometry of 30x 5 cm resulted in maximum green biomass (43.6 t/ha) as well as dry matter production. So, spacing of 30x 5 cm helps in better utilization of resources along with maximum fodder yield

A comprehensive review on electrospinning design, parameters and potential use of electrospun nanofibers in regenerative endodontics

Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has gathered interest due to its ability to fabricate nano and microscale fibres with unique properties of high surface area and fibrous porosity. This technique has been widely used in the late 20th (1990) and early 21st (2000) centuries. Since the beginning of its use, significant improvements have been made in the design, materials used, and fibres produced. The electrospinning technique is used to fabricate a material with therapeutic properties as it allows the researchers to incorporate various anti-microbial agents to different polymers without altering the chemical characteristicsof polymers.The production of nanofibres through electrospinning is affected by many operating parameters. It is, therefore, essential to know various parameters and processes that aid in fabricating the desired fibre assemblies. The nanofibres remain an essential division of biomaterials due to a wide range of biomedicalapplications. Nanofibres have unique properties such as protein absorption, binding sites to cell receptors, can provide maximum volume fraction by controlling fibres\u27 alignment and orientation hence improving the material properties like surface morphology, porosity, and geometry.Recent trends in endodontics, encourage regenerative therapy for the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth for root development and maturation. In this context, efficient disinfection of the root canal system is a crucial step. Existing chemical irrigating solutions (for eg., NaOCl) and antibiotic pastes (for eg., Triple antibiotic paste) usage at higher doses showed toxic results on the pulpal stem cells. Therefore, it was found to be beneficial to use a nanofibre-based intracanal drug delivery construct to release antibiotics at lower, yet anti-microbially effective concentrations.This review aims to discuss the basic concepts of electrospinning and its potential application in regenerative endodontics along with various parameters, which affect the fibre morphology and properties of produced nanofibres

Role of Embedded System in Agricultural Equipments (A Review)

Abstract Embedded systems are microchips containing software that is "burned into" the chip. Embedded systems include devices used to control, monitor or assist in the operation of equipment, machinery or plant. Artificial neural network (ANN) based models have been explored for use in various agricultural machinery applications. The typical application has been based on Multiple Input / Single Output ANNs which can be used to model linear and non-linear surfaces. These types of models may be effective where response surface modeling has been used in the past. The capabilities of ANNs with respect to configuration, adaptation, noise tolerance, and training are addressed. In addition, the use of ANN models in embedded systems is discussed. Combine harvesters, Weed detection in sprayers, blueberry Bush pruning, weed identification, Grain elevator and Precision agriculture are discussed

Endocrine Autoimmunity in Association with Female Infertility

Infertility is the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, affecting 10-15% of couples. Advanced age, obesity, and certain medications can hinder fertility. Endocrine autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to female infertility, often complicating various gynecological conditions. Autoimmune issues involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, and ovaries can impact fertility. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for diagnosing infertility, with a crucial focus on identifying potential endocrine disorders. Here we discuss how to identify endocrine autoimmune patients with ovulatory dysfunction. Women must be advised about limiting factors to be avoided, to protect their fertility. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms, coupled with appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, is crucial for effectively managing this complex condition and helping women achieve their reproductive goals

Marine fisheries of the south-east coast of India during 2008

The south-east coast of India comprising the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry have a total coastline of 2050 km which is 34% of the total coastline of the country. This region is more diverse with respect to the number of species that are landed. In 2007, it was observed that 499 species were landed in Tamil Nadu, 294 in Andhra Pradesh and 115 in Pondicherry

Exploring the Impact of NF- KB1 Gene Polymorphism

This review article extensively explores the influence of NF-κB1 gene polymorphism on a diverse range of health issues. The NF-κB pathway, a crucial controller of immune response, is closely associated with numerous disease mechanisms. The NF-kB1 gene has undergone significant genetic changes, and these changes have shown strong connections with the onset and development of numerous disorders. This article investigates the intricate relationship between mutations in the NF-kB1 gene and a wide range of disorders through a thorough study of the literature. These conditions encompass inflammatory disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and various other medical ailments. The notable discoveries emphasized within this review underscore the essential role of NF-κB1 gene polymorphism in the development of a range of diseases. Furthermore, these discoveries have important ramifications that could help develop more specialized, successful treatment approaches. To sum up, this work sheds light on the different ways in which NF-kB1 gene variation influences the progression of disorders and highlights the urgent need for more research in this area

A putative heat-responsive transcription factor (TaHD97) and its targets in wheat (Triticum aestivum) providing thermotolerance

214-223Transcription factors (TFs) are protein, which perform their role at transcriptional level by affecting the expression of various genes associated with metabolic pathways, growth and stress-associated genes (SAGs) at different developmental stages. Here, we identified 38 novel heat-responsive transcription factor genes from wheat cv. HD2985 by mining the de novo transcriptome data derived from heat shock (HS) treated wheat. Based on digital gene expression (DGE), a putative transcript (TaHD97) of ~1.1 kbas amplified and cloned from wheat cv. HD2985. The presence of heat stress transcription factor (HSF) DNA binding domain was observed in the amino acid sequence. Differential expression of TaHD97 was observed in HD2985 (thermotolerant) and HD2329 (thermosensitive) under heat stress. Tissue specific expression analysis showed up-regulation of TaHD97 in leaves, stem and endospermic tissues and down-regulation in root under HS. A positive correlation was established between the expression of TaHD97 and its target gene (HSP17 and HSP90) in wheat under heat stress. HSP17 transcripts were observed more in leaves of HD2985, as compared to HD2329. Thermotolerance related biochemical enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX and TBARS) were observed higher in wheat cv. HD2985 showing maximum expression of TaHD97 under heat stress. There is a need for the functional validation of the gene TaHD97 in order to use it for the regulation of sHSP (catalytic chaperone) - a novel approach towards augmenting thermotolerance in wheat under heat stress