Transformation of Gated Community in the Last Three Decades in Medan City, Indonesia

The growth and development of Gated Community are happening around the world with no exception in Indonesia. The development happened because of rapid urban growth caused by urbanization. The important results from studying the transformation of gated community are the trend and factors that cause the change. The purpose of this research is to predict, prepare and control the growth of formal urban housing in the future. Factors led to the emergence and growing rapidly of a gated community in Southeast Asia is a combination of socio-economic background, culture, and security. Research is conducted by two approaches. Firstly, are the external aspects such as regulation of formal housing, political condition, and real estate market condition. Secondly, are the internal issues such as the concept of settlement planning and the characteristics of the occupants. This study was conducted in three residential development in the city of Medan which represent in the 1980's, 1990's and 2000's, namely Taman Setia Budi Indah, Graha Bumi Asri and Graha Metropolitan. The research's result shows the factors of changes occur in the privatization of public space, exclusivity and the need for security. The indirect phenomenon of gated community growth is a reflection of a modern city life's critique, because of the safety reduced. If these are not anticipated soon, it will form the structure of fragmented urban space with the privatization of public space legall

Taxonomic Study of Pandanus (Pandanaceae) in Swamp Area, Aceh Singkil

Taxonomic study on Pandanus (Pandanaceae) in swamp area, Singkil had been conducted from November 2012 until June 2013. Based on morphological characters, 5 species of Pandanus have been identified in the area as Pandanus atrocarpus, Pandanus labyrinthicus, Pandanus militaris, Pandanus odoratissimus and Pandanus tectorius. The morphology and life cycle of species were categorized into two types, and they are medium arborescent pandan (Pandanus labyrinthicus and Pandanus militaris) and large arborescent pandan (Pandanus atrocarpus, Pandanus odoratissimus and Pandanus tectorius). Anatomical characters of Pandanus such as stomata (type, size, papilla) and epidermal cells supported the morphological features

25 kHz narrow spectral bandwidth of a wavelength tunable diode laser with a short waveguide-based external cavity

We report on the spectral properties of a diode laser with a tunable external cavity in integrated optics. Even though the external cavity is short compared to other small-bandwidth external cavity lasers, the spectral bandwidth of this tunable laser is as small as 25 kHz (FWHM), at a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 50 dB. Our laser is also able to access preset wavelengths in as little as 200 us and able to tune over the full telecom C-band (1530 nm - 1565 nm).Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Expert System Diagnose Diseases in Goats Using the Application of Certainty Factor at the Asahan Districk Livestock Service

Goats are livestock that provides many benefits for humans such as meat, milk, and skin. Goat meat is now also one of the important foodstuffs in meeting people's nutrition and is widely marketed. Livestock health is the most important factor in the cultivation of goats, therefore the presence of diseases in goats can result in economic losses because it can reduce livestock productivity and can even cause death in goats. However, most of the goat breeders still lack knowledge of disease control in goats plus the ratio of the number of experts is not balanced with the number of breeders which causes limited service facilities for a consultation so that it is increasingly difficult for breeders to identify the type of disease early on and the solutions that will be carried out next. To overcome this problem, an expert system was built that can assist farmers in diagnosing diseases in goats. This study uses the certainty factor method in solving problems that exist in goats. The data used in this study consisted of 8 disease data and 30 symptom data caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites. Each symptom has a CF value given by experts, namely veterinarians. So that a 90% percentage of the level of conformity for the system's accuracy level is obtained based on the results of expert and system validation

Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Mikroselulosa dari Rumput Laut Coklat Sargassum SP. sebagai Bahan Penguat Bioplastik Film

Sargassum sp. merupakan rumput laut coklat yang banyak tumbuh disepanjang pantai Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengekstraksi mikroselulosa dari rumput laut coklat Sargassum sp. yang diambil dipantai daerah Banten. Selulosa dan mikroselulosa diekstraksi melalui dua tahapan yaitu proses alkalinisasi dengan kalium hidroksida (KOH) dan dilanjutkan proses hidrolisis dengan asam sulfat (H2SO4). Variable konsentrasi optimal KOH untuk menghasilkan selulosa adalah 0,1%, 0,7% dan 1,3% (b/v), dengan karakterisasi gugus fungsi produk menggunakan Fourier-Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pola spektrum FTIR selulosa dengan alkalinisasi pada konsentrasi KOH 0,1% dan 0,7%, (b/v) berbeda dengan pola spektrum selulosa dengan konsentrasi KOH 1,3% b/v Optimalisasi proses hidrolisis untuk menghasilkan mikroselulosa dilakukan dalam H2SO4 1 M dengan variabel kecepatan pengadukan 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, dan 2000 rpm serta variabel waktu proses 30 menit dan 90 menit. Spektrum FTIR mikroselulosa dari semua variabel menunjukkan pola yang sama. Bentuk permukaan selulosa hasil foto Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dengan pembesaran 100.000 kali terlihat seperti bulatan, sedangkan mikroselulosa berbentuk garis panjang. Penambahan mikroselulosa pada bioplastik pati tapioka/kitosan menghasilkan bioplastik yang lebih tahan terhadap air dibuktikan dengan sisa bioplastik lebih panjang dibanding blanko setelah direndam selama 8 hari