Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair

Grundlagen zum Wasserwirtschaftlichen Rahmenplan Naab-Regen Schwermetallbelastung der Fliessgewaesser

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden fuer verschiedene Schwermetalle die Belastungen von Naab, Regen und Vils sowohl im Wasser als auch im Sediment und in ausgewaehlten aquatischen Organismen untersucht. Als Belastungsquellen wurden neben den Klaeranlagen und den Direkteinleitern auch die geogene Hintergrundbelastung betrachtet. Waehrend die Fliessgewaesser je nach Metall durch eine maessige bis kritische, nur selten jedoch durch eine starke Belastung gekennzeichnet waren, sind zur Erfuellung der Anforderungen der fischereilichen Nutzung und des Artenschutzes insbesondere in Gewaessern der kristallinen Regionen im noerdlichen und oestlichen Bereich des Einzugsgebietes noch Verbesserungen anzustreben. Durch eine Verminderung der Belastungen im Bereich der direkten und indirekten Einleiter kann hierbei ein massgeblicher Beitrag zur Erfuellung der nutzungsbezogenen und oekologischen Qualitaetsziele geleistet werden. (orig.)Heavy metal concentrations in the water, sediments and selected aquatic organisms of the Naab, Regen and Vils rivers were analyzed. Water pollution levels were found to be medium to critical but rarely high, but the water quality should be improved in the interest of fisheries and diversity of species. Pollution sources are sewage plants, discharge of liquid effluents and background pollution. a reduction of the direct and indirect discharge of liquid effluents was found to be the most promising option for reducing pollutant concentrationsSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F00B1095 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman