Pupal and Adult Parameters as Potential Indicators of Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Fecundity and Longevity

Cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta, pupae from a laboratory colony were weighed and monitored through adult emergence, oviposition, and mortality to determine if correlations existed between various pupal or adult parameters and fecundity or longevity. Forty-three female cottonwood leaf beetles were monitored. Pupal weight was not a good indicator of fecundity, total oviposition events, number of eggs/beetle/day, or adult longevity. In addition, adult weight showed very low correlation with fecundity, adult longevity, total oviposition events, or number of eggs/beetle/day. However, adult weight was a marginal indicator of the number of eggs/beetle/day, and correlated well with adult body length. Adult longevity could be used to predict fecundity

Dispersal of \u3ci\u3eFenusa Dohrnii\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) From an \u3ci\u3eAlnus\u3c/i\u3e Short-Rotation Forest Plantation

The European alder leafminer, Fenusa dohrnii, is a defoliating insect pest of Alnus in short-rotation forest plantations. A 2-year study was performed to quantify movement from infested stands to uninfested areas. Sticky traps and potted monitor trees were installed at different locations within and at various distances from (0,5, 10, and 20 m) an infested stand to measure adult flight and oviposition activity, respectively. Trap catch and oviposition activity fell off sharply with distance, few insects being trapped or eggs laid at distances of 5 m or greater from the infestation

A comparative analysis of Nishida and Sartre with special reference to their respective ontologies

This dissertation is a study in East-West comparative philosophy. It attempts for the first time to comparatively analyze the respective phenomenological ontologies of two noteworthy twentieth-century philosophers, namely Nishida Kitaro of Japan and Jean-Paul Sartre of France, and how they respond differently to the challenge of the German philosopher, Edmund Husserl. The major foci of the study are: (1) consciousness and the world, (2) pre-reflective and reflective consciousness, (3) self-consciousness and the nature of the self, (4) being and nothingness, and (5) theories of religious consciousness. Certain remarkable similarities between Nishida and Sartre are discussed, such as the fact that both were passionately concerned with the problem of the relationship between consciousness and the world, and both were critically challenged by Husserl\u27s contributions to the problem. It is also evident that both insisted on giving fundamental status to pre-reflective consciousness and self-consciousness in their respective theories of consciousness. They both also noted peculiar contradictions in what is known as the self, and were critical of any attempts to regard the self as a substantial entity. These commonalities certainly justify such a comparative study, particularly since there is no recorded trace of influence, the one upon the other. The dissertation shows that, while the two philosophers began their reflections from similar premises--albeit from very diverse backgrounds--ultimately they arrived at very different conclusions. This is especially noted in Nishida\u27s departure from Sartre on the nature of religious consciousness. Whereas Sartre associates all religious experience with the human desire to be God (an impossible synthesis of being-for-itself and being-in-itself ), Nishida identifies authentic religious consciousness with the place of absolute nothingness, a curious difference when we consider the significance of nothingness in Sartre\u27s philosophy. They are, then, led to radically distinct philosophies of religion, although starting with similar philosophical premises. v

The Relationship between Fitness-Based Incentive Programs and Exercise Adherence in a Corporate Fitness Facility

Experts agree that habitual exercise is beneficial to health and essential in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease and its associated risk factors. Despite this knowledge, adherence to an regular exercise regimen remains the major problem in the health and fitness industry. Reports estimate greater than 70% of the adult population in the United States do not participate regularly in physical activity. In contrast to the commercial fitness world where membership and profit continue to be the primary directives of the industry, corporate fitness programs are concerned with recruitment and adherence and consistently and exponentially increasing participation to justify cost. Previous research supports the idea of incentive programs to boost recruitment and participation, however the relationship between fitness-based incentive programs and adherence in the corporate setting, must be solidified as statistically significant if owners and corporate shareholders are going to h d such programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of specific incentive programs by monitoring the exercise adherence of employees and their spouses prior to an incentive program, during the incentive and following the incentive. A total of one hundred and ninety-two men and women, 2 1-67 years of age, participated in this investigation. Each subject was a self-selected patron of the fitness facility, and also self-selected to participate in one or more of the four fitness-based incentive programs that were conducted over the course of two years. All participants were given a specific exercise regimen and asked to track their daily progress. The three mean values (pre, during, post) for each incentive program were analyzed using an analysis of variance for repeated measures. Significant differences were found in the number of visits (adherence) to the fitness center in three out of the four cases studied. The significance ranged from .000 to .006. A post hoc analysis of the .data was performed using the calculation of Partial ETA Squared for the effect of time on the results. These results indicate that although the passage of time was statistically significant from the pre-incentive period to the during incentive period, as illustrated by the analysis of variance for repeated measures, the partial ETA squared comparison determined just how important the significance was. In three out of the four comparisons we had a significant main effect for time in the repeated measures test, however not much of the total variance can be explained by the main effect (ETA Squared) due to the fact that the significant increase in visits from the pre period to the during period was negated by the fact that there was a significant decrease in visits from the during period to the post period. Further post hoc analysis was performed using paired t-tests to compare the means within each incentive group. Cardio Minutes 2000 was the only group out of the four incentives which did not show a significant (p 5 -05) increase in adherence from the pre-incentive period to the during incentive period. All of the groups showed a decrease in adherence when comparing the pre-incentive period to the post incentive period. In two of the groups this decrease was significant (p 5.05). All of the groups showed a significant (p 5.05) decrease in adherence once the incentive period was completed (during incentive to post incentive). Not all of the changes in adherence from pre- to during to post-incentive in each of the four groups studied were statistically significant. However, they all followed the same trend. The trend in each group was an increase in adherence from pre-incentive to during incentive, followed by a post incentive decrease in adherence which, interestingly enough, fell below pre-incentive levels. The results of this study indicate that incentives play a statistical significant role in exercise adherence and if implemented correctly could benefit, first and foremost, employee\u27s and their families, as well as, the company and its shareholders

Phenology and Infestation Patterns of the Cottonwood Twig Borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Iowa

Cottonwood twig borer, Gypsonoma haimbachiana (Lepidoptera: Totricidae), phenology and infestation patterns on Populus spp. were examined over a 2-year period in Iowa. Weekly sampling of infested shoots during the host growing season verified the existence of five instars. Head capsule size increased nonlinearly from the first to the fifth instar and corresponded to a concomitant geometric increase in the volume of larval feeding galleries. The sampling indicated that the cottonwood twig borer had two generations per year in Iowa. Corresponding with the two generations, two peaks of larval abundance were observed; one in the second week of June and the other in the first week of August. Greater volume of feeding galleries occurred in the early season generation compared with the late season generation. Sampling of infested shoots revealed that more than 80% of infested terminals contained only one active attack (freshly bored hole in tree terminal with frass present); more than 88% of feeding galleries contained only one larva; and more than 80% of the larvae were found in the first active attack nearest the terminal apex. These data were compared with results published on the phenology and attack patterns of the cottonwood twig borer in the southern United States

T-odd correlations in charged Kl4 decays

We analyse the sensitivity to physics beyond the SM of T-odd correlations in $K_{\ell 4}$ decays, which do not involve the lepton polarization. We show that a combined analysis of $K^+_{\mu 4}$ and $K^-_{\mu 4}$ decays can lead to new constraints about CP violation in $\Delta S=1$ charged-current interactions, complementary to those obtained from the transverse muon polarization in $K_{\mu 3}$ and of comparable accuracy.Comment: 6 pages (LaTeX

The CP-violating asymmetry in \eta\to\pi^+ \pi^- e^+e^-

We study the CP-violating asymmetry {\cal A}_{\rm CP}, which arises, in \eta\to\pi^+\pi^- e^+e^-, from the angular correlation of the e^+ e^- and \pi^+\pi^- planes due to the interference between the magnetic and electric decay amplitudes. With the phenomenologically determined magnetic amplitude and branching ratio as input, the asymmetry, induced by the electric bremsstrahlung amplitude through the CP-violating decay \eta\to\pi^+\pi^-, and by an unconventional tensor type operator, has been estimated respectively. The upper bound of {\cal A}_{\rm CP} from the former is about 10^{-3}, and the asymmetry from the latter might be up to O(10^{-2}). One can therefore expect that this CP asymmetry would be an interesting CP-violating observable for the future precise measurements in the \eta factories.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages. One reference corrected, and some new references adde

HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, AND FERRIES Department of Transportation: Amend Title 32 Relating to Highways, Bridges, and Ferries, so as to Provide for a Division and a Director of Planning; Provide for the Development of Transportation Plans for the State; Specify Certain Duties for the Commissioner of Transportation; Specify Certain Duties for the State Transportation Board; Provide for an Organizational Structure Within the Department; Provide a Timetable for Completion and Reporting of Transportation Plans; Provide for Investment Policies to Guide Transportation Planning; Provide for the Appointment of the Director of Planning; Provide for Identifying and Constructing Projects with Private Investment; Provide for Priority of Expenditures; Provide for the Development of Allocation Formulas for Available Funding; Amend Article 2 of Chapter 32 of Title 50, Relating to the Jurisdiction of the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority, so as to Remove a Planning Function of the Authority; Provide for Related Matters; Provide for an Effective Date; Repeal Conflicting Laws; and for Other Purposes.

The Department of Transportation will consist of the State Transportation Board, which includes a new position, the Director of Planning. The Director of Planning will supervise the new Planning Division, which will have responsibility for developing statewide improvement programs and making strategic planning decisions. The Governor will appoint the Director, subject to approval. The Director will be required to prepare and submit a report for comments and suggestions by the House and Senate Transportation Committees and the Governor. The Director will deliver a final version of the report to the Governor, Lt. Governor, Speaker of the House, and House and Senate Transportation Committees. The Director will make periodic reports and updates. The Planning Division and Director will develop and implement a funding allocation formula subject to the Appropriations Act