Putative avocado toxicity in two dogs

Two dogs were seen at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, both having histories of dyspnoea, progressively enlarging abdomens, anasarca, ascites, pleural and pericardial effusion, and pulmonary oedema. One of the dogs had a mild neutrophilic leucocytosis, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and proteinuria. Histopathological examination of the myocardium revealed some damage to myocytes and a mononuclear cellular infiltration involving the myocardium, liver and kidneys. The two dogs had a fondness for avocado fruits and, as the presenting syndrome is identical to that seen in goats, sheep and horses poisoned by avocados, a comparison is made and the probable manifestation of this poisoning presented.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Reconstructing the impact of COVID-19 on the immunity gap and transmission of respiratory syncytial virus in Lombardy, Italy

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalisation and mortality in young children globally. The social distancing measures implemented against COVID-19 in Lombardy (Italy) disrupted the typically seasonal RSV circulation during 2019–2021 and caused substantially more hospitalisations during 2021–2022. The primary aim of this study is to quantify the immunity gap-defined as the increased proportion of the population naïve to RSV infection following the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in Lombardy, which has been hypothesised to be a potential cause of the increased RSV burden in 2021–2022. Methods: We developed a catalytic model to reconstruct changes in the age-dependent susceptibility profile of the Lombardy population throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The model is calibrated to routinely collected hospitalisation, syndromic, and virological surveillance data and tested for alternative assumptions on age-dependencies in the risk of RSV infection throughout the pandemic. Findings: We estimate that the proportion of the Lombardy population naïve to RSV infection increased by 60.8% (95% CrI: 55.2–65.4%) during the COVID-19 pandemic: from 1.4% (95% CrI: 1.3–1.6%) in 2018–2019 to 2.3% (95% CrI: 2.2–2.5%) before the 2021–2022 season, corresponding to an immunity gap of 0.87% (95% CrI: 0.87–0.88%). We found evidence of heterogeneity in RSV transmission by age, suggesting that the COVID-19 restrictions had variable impact on the contact patterns and risk of RSV infection across ages. Interpretation: We estimate a substantial increase in the population-level susceptibility to RSV in Lombardy during 2019–2021, which contributed to an increase in primary RSV infections in 2021–2022. Funding: UK Medical Research Council (MRC), UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), EDCTP2 programme, European Union, Wellcome Trust, Royal Society, EU-MUR PNRR INF-AC

Preparing for future waves and pandemics : a global hospital survey on infection control measures and infection rates in COVID-19

A survey of hospitals on three continents was performed to assess their infection control preparedness and measures, and their infection rate in hospital health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. All surveyed hospitals used similar PPE but differences in preparedness, PPE shortages, and infection rates were reported

Some food toxic for pets

According to world statistics, dogs and cats are the species that owners most frequently seek assistance with potential poisonings, accounting 95–98% of all reported animal cases. Exposures occur more commonly in the summer and in December that is associated with the holiday season. The majority (>90%) of animal poisonings are accidental and acute in nature and occur near or at the animal owner's home. Feeding human foodstuff to pets may also prove dangerous for their health

Precipitation drives global variation in natural selection

Climate change has the potential to affect the ecology and evolution of every species on Earth. While the ecological consequences of climate change are increasingly well documented, the effects of climate on the key evolutionary process driving adaptation—natural selection—is largely unknown. We report that aspects of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, along with the North Atlantic Oscillation, predicted variation in selection across plant and animal populations throughout many terrestrial biomes, whereas temperature explained little variation. By showing that selection was influenced by climate variation, our results indicate that climate change may cause widespread alterations in selection regimes, potentially shifting evolutionary trajectories at a global scale

A comparison of different district integration for a distributed generation system for heating and cooling in an urban area

The paper proposes a comparison of different district integration options for a distributed generation system for heating and cooling in an urban area. The system considered includes several production units located close to the users, a central unit and the district heating and cooling network which can connect all the users to each other and to a central unit, where a cogeneration system and a solar plant can be placed. Thus, each user can be regarded as isolated from the others, satisfying its energy needs by means of an autonomous production unit. Alternatively, it can be connected to the others through the district heating and cooling network. When a district heating and cooling network is included in the design option the synthesis-design and operation problems cannot be solved separately, because the energy to be produced by each production site is not known in advance, as the flows through the district heating and cooling network are not defined. This paper uses a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) methodology for the multi-objective optimization of the distributed generation energy system, considering the total annual cost for owning, operating and maintaining the whole system as the economic objective function, while the total annual CO2 emissions as the environmental objective function. The energy system is optimized for different district integration option, in order to understand how they affect the optimal solutions compared with both the environmental and economic objects

Mixed Integer Linearized Exergoeconomic (MILE) method for energy system synthesis and optimization

The aim of the paper is to present an energy system optimization method, based on the Fuel Impact Formula, able to overcome typical limitations of previous formulations. In particular, the methodology allows time dependent production levels to be considered and on-off operation and presence-absence of any component to be modelled by means of binary decision variables and inequality constraints. These often happen if the synthesis and operation of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems are considered at the same time. Moreover, the effect of replacing actual not linear thermodynamic inputs-output relations of each component with linear, or even proportional ones, is highlighted in the paper. Finally, an example of application is shown, dealing with a multi-component DH and CHP system in the tertiary sector

Optimal lay-out and operation of district heating and cooling distributed trigeneration systems Paper n\ub0GT2010-23416

The paper deals with the optimization of a distributed urban district heating and cooling cogeneration system. The model is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and includes a set of micro-cogeneration gas turbines and a district heating network potentially connecting each considered building to all the others. Absorption machines, supplied with cogenerated heat, can be used instead of conventional electrical chiller to face the cooling demand. In addition, a district cooling network can be introduced, independently from the district heating one. The objective of the paper is to obtain the optimal synthesis and operation strategy of the whole system, in terms of Total Annual Cost for owning, maintaining and operating the system. The solution has to specify the kind, the number and the location of cogeneration equipment and absorption machines, the size and the position of district heating and cooling pipelines as well as the optimal operation of each component. The effects of different plant options, comparing cogeneration and tri-generation machines adoption and district heating and cooling pipelines installation, are considered