Mangroves support an estimated annual abundance of over 700 billion juvenile fish and invertebrates

Mangroves are a critical habitat that provide a suite of ecosystem services and support livelihoods. Here we undertook a global analysis to model the density and abundance of 37 commercially important juvenile fish and juvenile and resident invertebrates that are known to extensively use mangroves, by fitting expert-identified drivers of density to fish and invertebrate density data from published field studies. The numerical model predicted high densities throughout parts of Southeast and South Asia, the northern coast of South America, the Red Sea, and the Caribbean and Central America. Application of our model globally estimates that mangroves support an annual abundance of over 700 billion juvenile fish and invertebrates. While abundance at the early life-history stage does not directly equate to potential economic or biomass gains, this estimate indicates the critical role of mangroves globally in supporting fish and fisheries, and further builds the case for their conservation and restoration

The global fish and invertebrate abundance value of mangroves dataset

<p>This dataset is the species and species group predictions of the density of 37 commercially important fish and invertebrates that are known to extensively use mangroves. All methods are provided in detail in the accompanying <em>bioRxiv </em>preprint, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.591889v1">zu Ermgassen <em>et al. </em>(2024) The global fish and invertebrate abundance value of mangroves</a></p> <h2>Description of files</h2> <ul> <li>Mangrove_commercial_fauna_density_data_references.csv: this is the raw data used to create the linear model using generalized least squares relating the fish density values to the covariate data</li> </ul> <p><strong>R Scripts & Data</strong></p> <ul> <li>This folder contain several R scripts and data files to used calculate the values in <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.591889v1">zu Ermgassen <em>et al. </em>(2024) The global fish and invertebrate abundance value of mangroves.</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Species Predictions</strong>*</p> <ul> <li>all_sp_fit_fn.csv: the mean predicted species density for 37 commercially important fish and invertebrates for a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 km2.</li> <li>all_sp_fit_fn_lower.csv: the lower (1.96 * standard error of the model fit) predicted species density for 37 commercially important fish and invertebrates for a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 km2.</li> <li>all_sp_fit_fn_upper.csv: the upper (1.96 * standard error of the model fit) predicted species density for 37 commercially important fish and invertebrates for a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 km2.</li> <li>Species Name Contractions.csv: file with key to name contractions in above datasets</li> <li>Shapfiles: spatial representations of the above datasets based on the 1km2 grid</li> </ul> <p><strong>Species Group Predictions</strong></p> <ul> <li>all_sp_fit_fn_total.csv: the mean, lower and upper (1.96 * standard error of the model fit) predicted species density for 37 commercially important fish and invertebrates for a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 km2, with species summed into finfishes (n = 29), crabs (n = 4), bivalves (n = 1), and prawns (n = 3).</li> <li>Shapfiles: spatial representations of the above dataset based on the 1km2 grid</li> </ul> <p>* <strong>N.B. </strong>data labeled<em> Neosarmatium meinerti</em> in the above files has been corrected to <em>Neosarmatium africanum</em></p&gt

Impact of Nanotopography, Heparin Hydrogel Microstructures, and Encapsulated Fibroblasts on Phenotype of Primary Hepatocytes

[Image: see text] Hepatocytes, the main epithelial cell type in the liver, perform most of the biochemical functions of the liver. Thus, maintenance of a primary hepatocyte phenotype is crucial for investigations of in vitro drug metabolism, toxicity, and development of bioartificial liver constructs. Here, we report the impact of topographic cues alone and in combination with soluble signals provided by encapsulated feeder cells on maintenance of the primary hepatocyte phenotype. Topographic features were 300 nm deep with pitches of either 400, 1400, or 4000 nm. Hepatocyte cell attachment, morphology and function were markedly better on 400 nm pitch patterns compared with larger scale topographies or planar substrates. Interestingly, topographic features having biomimetic size scale dramatically increased cell adhesion whether or not substrates had been precoated with collagen I. Albumin production in primary hepatocytes cultured on 400 nm pitch substrates without collagen I was maintained over 10 days and was considerably higher compared to albumin synthesis on collagen-coated flat substrates. In order to investigate the potential interaction of soluble cytoactive factors supplied by feeder cells with topographic cues in determining cell phenotype, bioactive heparin-containing hydrogel microstructures were molded (100 μm spacing, 100 μm width) over the surface of the topographically patterned substrates. These hydrogel microstructures either carried encapsulated fibroblasts or were free of cells. Hepatocytes cultured on nanopatterned substrates next to fibroblast carrying hydrogel microstructures were significantly more functional than hepatocytes cultured on nanopatterned surfaces without hydrogels or stromal cells significantly elevated albumin expression and cell junction formation compared to cells provided with topographic cues only. The simultaneous presentation of topographic biomechanical cues along with soluble signaling molecules provided by encapsulated fibroblasts cells resulted in optimal functionality of cultured hepatocytes. The provision of both topographic and soluble signaling cues could enhance our ability to create liver surrogates and inform the development of engineered liver constructs

AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Our results show that de-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission. © 2019, The Author(s)

AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Our results show that de-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission. © 2019, The Author(s)

AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders

AbstractAMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Our results show that de-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission.</jats:p